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update:stm32
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dichgrem
@@ -6,29 +6,66 @@ date = 2025-07-20
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tags = ["Linux"]
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+++
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前言 本文记录STM32命令行开发环境在Ubuntu上的部署，用以替代Windows上的RT-Thread-studio。RT-Thread同样是开源
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前言 本文记录STM32命令行开发环境在Ubuntu上的部署，用以替代Windows上的RT-Thread-studio。RT-Thread-studio同样是开源
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软件，但目前似乎没有Nixos上的打包。
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<!-- more -->
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## 环境
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在ubuntu24.04中安装这些包，包括连接工具，工具链和调试器等等。
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```
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- **Ubuntu**
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以ubuntu24.04为例，安装这些包，包括连接工具，工具链和调试器等等。
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```shell
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install -y git python3 scons openocd stlink-tools gcc-arm-none-eabi gdb-multiarch
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```
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- **Nixos**
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虽然没有RT-Thread-studio这个包，但是可以用flake.nix很方便的搭建一个开发环境：
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```nix
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{
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description = "STM32 && RT-Thread development environment";
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inputs.nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable";
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outputs = { self, nixpkgs }:
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let
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supportedSystems = [ "x86_64-linux" "aarch64-linux" ];
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forEachSupportedSystem = f: nixpkgs.lib.genAttrs supportedSystems (system: f {
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pkgs = import nixpkgs { inherit self system; };
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});
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in
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{
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devShells = forEachSupportedSystem ({ pkgs }: {
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default = pkgs.mkShell {
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packages = with pkgs; [
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python312
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scons
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openocd
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stlink
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stlink-tool
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gcc-arm-embedded
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picocom
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];
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};
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});
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};
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}
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```
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## 源码
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使用Git拉取RT-Thread开源项目：
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```
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```shell
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git clone https://github.com/RT-Thread/rt-thread.git
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git clone https://github.com/RT-Thread-Studio/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark.git
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```
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## 连接
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使用USB连接开发板和开发PC，并使用lsusb查看是否连接成功：
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```
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```shell
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lsusb
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Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0483:374b STMicroelectronics ST-LINK/V2.1
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```
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@@ -37,7 +74,7 @@ Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0483:374b STMicroelectronics ST-LINK/V2.1
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添加成功后可以使用这个命令来检测：
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```
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```shell
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❯ st-info --probe
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Found 1 stlink programmers
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version: V2J35S26
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@@ -51,7 +88,7 @@ Found 1 stlink programmers
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## ENV工具
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使用Git拉取RT-Thread配套的linux开发环境，并添加Shell变量。我使用的是fish，你也可以用其他的Shell，命令有所不同。
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```
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```shell
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git clone https://github.com/RT-Thread/env.git ~/env
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set -x PATH $PATH ~/env
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fish_add_path ~/env
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@@ -63,7 +100,7 @@ type pkgs
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由于该项目大量使用Python，所以需要PKG包支持。首先我们修改这个文件的交叉工具链部分：
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```
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```python
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#修改 rtconfig.py
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# cross_tool provides the cross compiler
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@@ -97,7 +134,7 @@ elif CROSS_TOOL == 'llvm-arm':
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```
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随后可以使用PKG初始化并安装两个必要的包：
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```
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```shell
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pkgs --update
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pip install kconfiglib
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pip install scons
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@@ -105,11 +142,11 @@ pip install scons
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## 编译
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在完成以上设置之后我们可以开始编译。STM32使用scons编译系统，同样是menuconfig命令：
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```
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```shell
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scons --menuconfig
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```
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修改配置并保存退出后即可开始编译，$(nproc)代表使用全部CPU线程来编译：
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```
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```shell
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scons -j$(nproc)
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```
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@@ -119,23 +156,98 @@ scons -j$(nproc)
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在烧入之前，我们可以备份一下原来的系统：
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```
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```shell
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st-flash read firmware_backup.bin 0x08000000 0x100001
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```
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随后使用如下命令烧入系统：
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```
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```shell
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st-flash write rtthread.bin 0x08000000
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```
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## 串口
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除了USB之外我们还可以使用串口连接：
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```
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```shell
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sudo apt install picocom
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picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyACM0
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version
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```
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可以使用``ctrl + A 然后 ctrl + x``退出。
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## 使用Cmake
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通过官方文档可以得知除了scons外还可以使用Cmake来编译.
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首先找到编译器的路径，并export：
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```shell
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❯ which arm-none-eabi-gcc
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/nix/store/v9p5md3d4aaqwc9i9hlaxkl7nawd9vrc-gcc-arm-embedded-14.3.rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
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export RTT_EXEC_PATH=/nix/store/v9p5md3d4aaqwc9i9hlaxkl7nawd9vrc-gcc-arm-embedded-14.3.rel1/bin
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export RTT_CC=gcc
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```
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随后使用指令``scons --target=cmake``：
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```shell
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❯ scons --target=cmake
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scons: Reading SConscript files ...
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Newlib version:4.5.0
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Update setting files for CMakeLists.txt...
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Done!
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scons: done reading SConscript files.
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scons: Building targets ...
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scons: building associated VariantDir targets: build
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CC build/applications/main.o
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LINK rt-thread.elf
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arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary rt-thread.elf rtthread.bin
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arm-none-eabi-size rt-thread.elf
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scons: done building targets.
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```
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可以看到生成CmakeLists.txt成功，随后开始构建：
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```shell
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❯ cd ./build
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❯ cmake ..
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CMake Warning (dev) at CMakeLists.txt:43:
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Syntax Warning in cmake code at column 100
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Argument not separated from preceding token by whitespace.
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This warning is for project developers. Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.
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-- The C compiler identification is GNU 14.3.1
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-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 14.3.1
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-- The ASM compiler identification is GNU
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-- Found assembler: /nix/store/v9p5md3d4aaqwc9i9hlaxkl7nawd9vrc-gcc-arm-embedded-14.3.rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
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-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
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-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
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-- Check for working C compiler: /nix/store/v9p5md3d4aaqwc9i9hlaxkl7nawd9vrc-gcc-arm-embedded-14.3.rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc - skipped
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-- Detecting C compile features
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-- Detecting C compile features - done
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-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
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-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
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-- Check for working CXX compiler: /nix/store/v9p5md3d4aaqwc9i9hlaxkl7nawd9vrc-gcc-arm-embedded-14.3.rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ - skipped
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-- Detecting CXX compile features
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-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
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-- Configuring done (0.4s)
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-- Generating done (0.0s)
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-- Build files have been written to: /home/dich/Git/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark/projects/02_basic_ir/build
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```
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使用``make``命令编译：
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```shell
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❯ make
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[ 1%] Building C object CMakeFiles/rtthread.elf.dir/applications/main.c.obj
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[ 2%] Building C object CMakeFiles/rtthread.elf.dir/home/dich/Git/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark/rt-thread/components/libc/compilers/common/cctype.c.obj
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[ 3%] Building C object CMakeFiles/rtthread.elf.dir/home/dich/Git/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark/rt-thread/components/libc/compilers/common/cstdio.c.obj
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......
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[ 97%] Building C object CMakeFiles/rtthread.elf.dir/home/dich/Git/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark/libraries/STM32F4xx_HAL/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_tim.c.obj
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[ 98%] Building C object CMakeFiles/rtthread.elf.dir/home/dich/Git/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark/libraries/STM32F4xx_HAL/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F4xx/Source/Templates/system_stm32f4xx.c.obj
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[100%] Linking C executable rtthread.elf
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text data bss dec hex filename
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98516 1468 8400 108384 1a760 rtthread.elf
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[100%] Built target rtthread.elf
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```
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---
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**Done.**
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