My-Blog/content/linux-2-stm32.md

+++ title = "Linux-STM32开发环境部署" date = 2025-07-20

[taxonomies] tags = ["Linux"] +++

前言 本文记录STM32命令行开发环境在Ubuntu上的部署，用以替代Windows上的RT-Thread-studio。RT-Thread-studio同样是开源 软件，但目前似乎没有Nixos上的打包。

环境

• Ubuntu

以ubuntu24.04为例，安装这些包，包括连接工具，工具链和调试器等等。

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y git python3 scons openocd stlink-tools gcc-arm-none-eabi gdb-multiarch

• Nixos

虽然没有RT-Thread-studio这个包，但是可以用flake.nix很方便的搭建一个开发环境：

{
  description = "STM32 && RT-Thread development environment";
  inputs.nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable";
  outputs = { self, nixpkgs }:
  let
    supportedSystems = [ "x86_64-linux" "aarch64-linux" ];
    forEachSupportedSystem = f: nixpkgs.lib.genAttrs supportedSystems (system: f {
      pkgs = import nixpkgs { inherit self system; };
    });
  in
  {
    devShells = forEachSupportedSystem ({ pkgs }: {
      default = pkgs.mkShell {
        packages = with pkgs; [
          python312
          scons
          openocd
          stlink
          stlink-tool
          gcc-arm-embedded
          picocom
        ];
      };
    });
  };
}

源码

使用Git拉取RT-Thread开源项目：

git clone https://github.com/RT-Thread/rt-thread.git
git clone https://github.com/RT-Thread-Studio/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark.git

连接

使用USB连接开发板和开发PC，并使用lsusb查看是否连接成功：

lsusb
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0483:374b STMicroelectronics ST-LINK/V2.1

如果你和我一样使用 qemu ，需要在libvirt中使用Add_hardware添加usb设备。

添加成功后可以使用这个命令来检测：

❯ st-info --probe
Found 1 stlink programmers
  version:    V2J35S26
  serial:     0671FF373654393143244522
  flash:      1048576 (pagesize: 16384)
  sram:       196608
  chipid:     0x413
  dev-type:   STM32F4x5_F4x7

ENV工具

使用Git拉取RT-Thread配套的linux开发环境，并添加Shell变量。我使用的是fish，你也可以用其他的Shell，命令有所不同。

git clone https://github.com/RT-Thread/env.git ~/env
set -x PATH $PATH ~/env
fish_add_path ~/env
echo $PATH
type pkgs

PKG工具

由于该项目大量使用Python，所以需要PKG包支持。首先我们修改这个文件的交叉工具链部分：

#修改 rtconfig.py 

# cross_tool provides the cross compiler
# EXEC_PATH is the compiler execute path, for example, CodeSourcery, Keil MDK, IAR
import os

if CROSS_TOOL == 'gcc':
    PLATFORM = 'gcc'
    if os.name == 'nt':
        # Windows 平台
        EXEC_PATH = r'C:\Users\XXYYZZ'
    else:
        # Linux / macOS 平台
        EXEC_PATH = '/usr/bin'

elif CROSS_TOOL == 'keil':
    PLATFORM = 'armclang'  # KEIL AC6
    # PLATFORM = 'armcc'   # KEIL AC5
    EXEC_PATH = r'C:/Keil_v5'

elif CROSS_TOOL == 'iar':
    PLATFORM = 'iccarm'
    EXEC_PATH = r'C:/Program Files (x86)/IAR Systems/Embedded Workbench 8.3'

elif CROSS_TOOL == 'llvm-arm':
    PLATFORM = 'llvm-arm'
    if os.name == 'nt':
        EXEC_PATH = r'D:\Progrem\LLVMEmbeddedToolchainForArm-17.0.1-Windows-x86_64\bin'
    else:
        EXEC_PATH = '/usr/bin'

随后可以使用PKG初始化并安装两个必要的包：

pkgs --update
pip install kconfiglib
pip install scons

编译

在完成以上设置之后我们可以开始编译。STM32使用scons编译系统，同样是menuconfig命令：

scons --menuconfig

修改配置并保存退出后即可开始编译，$(nproc)代表使用全部CPU线程来编译：

scons -j$(nproc)

烧入

编译成功后你应该会看到有一个rtthread.bin在目录下，这就是我们编译出来的系统！

在烧入之前，我们可以备份一下原来的系统：

st-flash read firmware_backup.bin 0x08000000 0x100001

随后使用如下命令烧入系统：

st-flash write rtthread.bin 0x08000000

串口

除了USB之外我们还可以使用串口连接：

sudo apt install picocom
picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyACM0
version

可以使用ctrl + A 然后 ctrl + x退出。

使用Cmake

通过官方文档可以得知除了scons外还可以使用Cmake来编译.

首先找到编译器的路径，并export：

❯ which arm-none-eabi-gcc
/nix/store/v9p5md3d4aaqwc9i9hlaxkl7nawd9vrc-gcc-arm-embedded-14.3.rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
export RTT_EXEC_PATH=/nix/store/v9p5md3d4aaqwc9i9hlaxkl7nawd9vrc-gcc-arm-embedded-14.3.rel1/bin
export RTT_CC=gcc

随后使用指令scons --target=cmake：

❯ scons --target=cmake

scons: Reading SConscript files ...
Newlib version:4.5.0
Update setting files for CMakeLists.txt...
Done!
scons: done reading SConscript files.
scons: Building targets ...
scons: building associated VariantDir targets: build
CC build/applications/main.o
LINK rt-thread.elf
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary rt-thread.elf rtthread.bin
arm-none-eabi-size rt-thread.elf
scons: done building targets.

可以看到生成CmakeLists.txt成功，随后开始构建：

❯ cd ./build       
❯ cmake ..  
CMake Warning (dev) at CMakeLists.txt:43:
  Syntax Warning in cmake code at column 100

  Argument not separated from preceding token by whitespace.
This warning is for project developers.  Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.

-- The C compiler identification is GNU 14.3.1
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 14.3.1
-- The ASM compiler identification is GNU
-- Found assembler: /nix/store/v9p5md3d4aaqwc9i9hlaxkl7nawd9vrc-gcc-arm-embedded-14.3.rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /nix/store/v9p5md3d4aaqwc9i9hlaxkl7nawd9vrc-gcc-arm-embedded-14.3.rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /nix/store/v9p5md3d4aaqwc9i9hlaxkl7nawd9vrc-gcc-arm-embedded-14.3.rel1/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done (0.4s)
-- Generating done (0.0s)
-- Build files have been written to: /home/dich/Git/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark/projects/02_basic_ir/build

使用make命令编译：

❯ make   
[  1%] Building C object CMakeFiles/rtthread.elf.dir/applications/main.c.obj
[  2%] Building C object CMakeFiles/rtthread.elf.dir/home/dich/Git/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark/rt-thread/components/libc/compilers/common/cctype.c.obj
[  3%] Building C object CMakeFiles/rtthread.elf.dir/home/dich/Git/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark/rt-thread/components/libc/compilers/common/cstdio.c.obj
......
[ 97%] Building C object CMakeFiles/rtthread.elf.dir/home/dich/Git/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark/libraries/STM32F4xx_HAL/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_tim.c.obj
[ 98%] Building C object CMakeFiles/rtthread.elf.dir/home/dich/Git/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark/libraries/STM32F4xx_HAL/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F4xx/Source/Templates/system_stm32f4xx.c.obj
[100%] Linking C executable rtthread.elf
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
  98516    1468    8400  108384   1a760 rtthread.elf
[100%] Built target rtthread.elf

---

Done.