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<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://blog.dich.bid/linux-2-stm32/">Linux-STM32开发环境部署</a></h1>
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<span class="post-date">
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2025-07-20
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<span class="post-tags-inline">
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:: tags:
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<a class="post-tag" href="https://blog.dich.bid/tags/linux/">#Linux</a></span>
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<div class="post-content">
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<p>前言 本文记录STM32命令行开发环境在Ubuntu上的部署，用以替代Windows上的RT-Thread-studio。RT-Thread同样是开源
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软件，但目前似乎没有Nixos上的打包。</p>
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<span id="continue-reading"></span><h2 id="huan-jing">环境</h2>
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<p>在ubuntu24.04中安装这些包，包括连接工具，工具链和调试器等等。</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>sudo apt update
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</span><span>sudo apt install -y git python3 scons openocd stlink-tools gcc-arm-none-eabi gdb-multiarch
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</span></code></pre>
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<h2 id="yuan-ma">源码</h2>
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<p>使用Git拉取RT-Thread开源项目：</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>git clone https://github.com/RT-Thread/rt-thread.git
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</span></code></pre>
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<h2 id="lian-jie">连接</h2>
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<p>使用USB连接开发板和开发PC，并使用lsusb查看是否连接成功：</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>lsusb
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</span><span>Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0483:374b STMicroelectronics ST-LINK/V2.1
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>如果你和我一样使用 qemu ，需要在libvirt中使用Add_hardware添加usb设备。</p>
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<p>添加成功后可以使用这个命令来检测：</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>❯ st-info --probe
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</span><span>Found 1 stlink programmers
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</span><span> version: V2J35S26
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</span><span> serial: 0671FF373654393143244522
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</span><span> flash: 1048576 (pagesize: 16384)
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</span><span> sram: 196608
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</span><span> chipid: 0x413
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</span><span> dev-type: STM32F4x5_F4x7
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</span></code></pre>
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<h2 id="envgong-ju">ENV工具</h2>
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<p>使用Git拉取RT-Thread配套的linux开发环境，并添加Shell变量。我使用的是fish，你也可以用其他的Shell，命令有所不同。</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>git clone https://github.com/RT-Thread/env.git ~/env
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</span><span>set -x PATH $PATH ~/env
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</span><span>fish_add_path ~/env
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</span><span>echo $PATH
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</span><span>type pkgs
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</span></code></pre>
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<h2 id="pkggong-ju">PKG工具</h2>
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<p>由于该项目大量使用Python，所以需要PKG包支持。首先我们修改这个文件的交叉工具链部分：</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>#修改 rtconfig.py
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</span><span>
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</span><span># cross_tool provides the cross compiler
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</span><span># EXEC_PATH is the compiler execute path, for example, CodeSourcery, Keil MDK, IAR
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</span><span>import os
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</span><span>
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</span><span>if CROSS_TOOL == 'gcc':
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</span><span> PLATFORM = 'gcc'
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</span><span> if os.name == 'nt':
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</span><span> # Windows 平台
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</span><span> EXEC_PATH = r'C:\Users\XXYYZZ'
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</span><span> else:
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</span><span> # Linux / macOS 平台
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</span><span> EXEC_PATH = '/usr/bin'
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</span><span>
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</span><span>elif CROSS_TOOL == 'keil':
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</span><span> PLATFORM = 'armclang' # KEIL AC6
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</span><span> # PLATFORM = 'armcc' # KEIL AC5
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</span><span> EXEC_PATH = r'C:/Keil_v5'
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</span><span>
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</span><span>elif CROSS_TOOL == 'iar':
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</span><span> PLATFORM = 'iccarm'
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</span><span> EXEC_PATH = r'C:/Program Files (x86)/IAR Systems/Embedded Workbench 8.3'
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</span><span>
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</span><span>elif CROSS_TOOL == 'llvm-arm':
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</span><span> PLATFORM = 'llvm-arm'
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</span><span> if os.name == 'nt':
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</span><span> EXEC_PATH = r'D:\Progrem\LLVMEmbeddedToolchainForArm-17.0.1-Windows-x86_64\bin'
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</span><span> else:
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</span><span> EXEC_PATH = '/usr/bin'
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>随后可以使用PKG初始化并安装两个必要的包：</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>pkgs --update
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</span><span>pip install kconfiglib
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</span><span>pip install scons
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</span></code></pre>
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<h2 id="bian-yi">编译</h2>
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<p>在完成以上设置之后我们可以开始编译。STM32使用scons编译系统，同样是menuconfig命令：</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>scons --menuconfig
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>修改配置并保存退出后即可开始编译，$(nproc)代表使用全部CPU线程来编译：</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>scons -j$(nproc)
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</span></code></pre>
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<h2 id="shao-ru">烧入</h2>
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<p>编译成功后你应该会看到有一个rtthread.bin在目录下，这就是我们编译出来的系统！</p>
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<p>在烧入之前，我们可以备份一下原来的系统：</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>st-flash read firmware_backup.bin 0x08000000 0x100001
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>随后使用如下命令烧入系统：</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>st-flash write rtthread.bin 0x08000000
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</span></code></pre>
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<h2 id="chuan-kou">串口</h2>
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<p>除了USB之外我们还可以使用串口连接：</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>sudo apt install picocom
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</span><span>picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyACM0
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</span><span>version
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>可以使用<code>ctrl + A 然后 ctrl + x</code>退出。</p>
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<hr />
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<p><strong>Done.</strong></p>
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Dichgrem</span>
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