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My-Blog/content/Network-How-email-works-3.md
2025-07-05 15:03:43 +08:00

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+++
title = "网络艺术:自建域名邮箱"
date = 2024-02-22
[taxonomies]
tags = ["Network"]
+++
前言 poste.io 邮件服务基于 Docker 搭建,用的是 Haraka + Dovecot + SQLite 邮件系统,占用资源较少,安装简单,适合个人使用。
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## VPS上的配置
### 修改VPS hostname
```
hostnamectl set-hostname mail.your-domain.com
```
### 修改hosts文件
```
vim /etc/hosts
```
添加一行
```
127.0.1.1 localhost.localdomain mail.your-domain.com
```
## 安装poste
docker compose文件示例
```
version: '3.7'
services:
mailserver:
image: analogic/poste.io
hostname: mail.your-domain.com
ports:
- "25:25"
- "110:110"
- "143:143"
- "587:587"
- "993:993"
- "995:995"
- "4190:4190"
- "465:465"
- "127.0.0.1:8808:80"
- "127.0.0.1:8843:443"
environment:
- LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL=admin@your-domain.com
- LETSENCRYPT_HOST=mail.your-domain.com
- VIRTUAL_HOST=mail.your-domain.com
- DISABLE_CLAMAV=TRUE
- TZ=Asia/Shanghai
- HTTPS=OFF
volumes:
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
- ./mail-data:/data
```
- 禁用反病毒功能DISABLE_CLAMAV=TRUE、禁用反垃圾邮件功能DISABLE_RSPAMD=TRUE可以大幅减低内存和CPU占用请酌情设置禁用选项。
- 禁用WEB收发功能DISABLE_ROUNDCUBE=TRUE可以进一步减少资源占用不过非必要不建议禁止。
- 8808为http端口可以根据自己的需求修改。
## Dns配置
| 记录类型 | 主机记录 | 记录值 |
|----------|----------|----------|
| A | mail | 1.2.3.4 (your ip) |
| MX | your-domain.com | mail.your-domain.com |
| TXT | your-domain.com | v=spf1 mx ~all |
| TXT | _s20160910378._domainkey.your-domain.com | k=rsa;p=MII.........|
| TXT | _dmarc | v=DMARC1; p=none; pct=100; rua=mailto:mail@your-domain.com |
| CNAME | imap | mail |
| CNAME | smtp | mail |
| CNAME | pop | mail |
最后还需到 VPS 服务商处添加一个反向 DNS也就是 rDNS 解析,把 IP 解析到 mail.your-domain.com 这个域名,有些 VPS 商家不提供这种服务,所以需要选择好VPS服务商。
## 配置poste
通过浏览器访问``https://mail.your-domain.com/admin/login``进入poste.io的配置页面按照提示进行配置然后点击 Generate new key生成 key添加到 DNS 解析记录,就是上面最后一条解析``_s20160910378._domainkey.your-domain.com``
## 第三方客户端 SMTP/IMAP/POP3 配置
搭建完毕之后我们也可以通过客户端软件连接到我们的邮箱如thunderbird.
| 协议 | 服务器地址 | 端口 | SSL |
|------|------------|------|-----|
| SMTP | mail.your-domain.com, smtp.your-domain.com | 25, 465, 587 | STARTTLS |
| IMAP | mail.your-domain.com, imap.your-domain.com | 993, 143 | STARTTLS |
| POP3 | mail.your-domain.com, pop.your-domain.com | 995, 110 | STARTTLS |
---
Done.