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title = "Linux下的命令行操控"
date = 2023-07-20
[taxonomies]
tags = ["Linux"]
+++
前言 本文基于常见发行版（systemd + NetworkManager + PipeWire/ PulseAudio / ALSA）,目标是把常见的桌面/笔记本硬件（Wi-Fi、蓝牙、亮度、音量）通过命令行可复现、可理解地组织起来。
<!-- more -->
# Wifi 控制
现代桌面大多使用 NetworkManager 管理网络，`nmcli` 是其命令行接口。`nmcli` 能列出可用网络、连接/断开、创建配置文件（包括 WPA/WPA2/PSK、enterprise）等。相比直接编辑 wpa_supplicant 配置，`nmcli` 更安全、统一，能与 GUI 保持一致。
### 常用命令
列出接口及设备状态：
```bash
nmcli device status
```
列出附近 Wi-Fi（SSID、信号强度、安全类型）：
```bash
nmcli device wifi list
```
交互式连接（会提示输入密码）：
```bash
nmcli device wifi connect "wifi-2.4G" --ask
```
不交互式连接（将密码放在命令里 — 注意安全风险）：
```bash
nmcli device wifi connect "wifi-2.4G" password "your_password"
```
基于已有配置文件连接（例如创建一个保存的 connection 名称）：
```bash
# 创建连接（自动选择设备）
nmcli connection add type wifi ifname wlan0 con-name my-home ssid "wifi-2.4G" \
wifi-sec.key-mgmt wpa-psk wifi-sec.psk "your_password"
# 启用连接
nmcli connection up my-home
```
断开或禁用接口：
```bash
# 断开当前连接
nmcli device disconnect wlan0
# 禁用设备（软禁用）
nmcli device set wlan0 managed no
```
查看连接详情：
```bash
nmcli -f all connection show my-home
nmcli device show wlan0
```
---
# 蓝牙控制
Linux 上常见蓝牙栈为 BlueZ（蓝牙守护 `bluetoothd`），`bluetoothctl` 提供交互式 CLI。音频设备通常通过 BlueZ + PulseAudio（或 PipeWire）进行音频路由；配对/信任步骤必须完成才能稳定连接音频/键盘/鼠标等设备。
### 一、蓝牙服务与模块启用/禁用
启用蓝牙服务（systemd）：
```bash
sudo systemctl enable --now bluetooth.service
```
打开蓝牙适配器电源：
```bash
bluetoothctl power on
```
打开配对代理（用于交互式配对）并设置为默认：
```bash
bluetoothctl agent on
bluetoothctl default-agent
```
开启可发现（让其它设备能扫描到）：
```bash
bluetoothctl discoverable on
```
重启蓝牙服务（排错常用）：
```bash
sudo systemctl restart bluetooth
sudo journalctl -u bluetooth -f
```
> 注意：某些发行版在使用 PipeWire 做音频时还需要 `pipewire` / `wireplumber` 正确运行，否则音频通道（A2DP/HFP）无法建立。
### 二、查看设备与状态
```bash
# 列出本机所有蓝牙适配器
bluetoothctl list
# 查看本地适配器详细状态
bluetoothctl show
# 查看已配对设备
bluetoothctl paired-devices
# 查看某个设备详情（包括 UUID、已连接服务）
bluetoothctl info AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
```
### 三、交互式配对与连接
交互式步骤（在 `bluetoothctl` 提示符下）：
```text
$ bluetoothctl
[bluetooth]# power on
[bluetooth]# agent on
[bluetooth]# default-agent
[bluetooth]# scan on
# 等待几秒，看到目标设备（并记录 MAC）
[bluetooth]# pair AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
# 如果是需要 PIN 的设备，会提示配对码；确认或输入即可
[bluetooth]# trust AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF # 使系统信任设备（开机后自动连接）
[bluetooth]# connect AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
[bluetooth]# exit
```
### 四、断开与删除设备
断开连接：
```bash
bluetoothctl disconnect AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
```
删除配对信息（“忘记设备”）：
```bash
bluetoothctl remove AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
```
### 五、蓝牙软/硬封锁
查看封锁状态：
```bash
rfkill list bluetooth
```
封锁（禁用）：
```bash
sudo rfkill block bluetooth
```
解封（启用）：
```bash
sudo rfkill unblock bluetooth
```
如果设备被**硬封锁**（硬件开关），软件方法无效，需要物理开关或 BIOS 设置。
### 六、音频输出切换
* 现代发行版多用 PipeWire 替代 PulseAudio，但 PipeWire 提供兼容接口，因此 `pactl`（PulseAudio 控制工具）在很多系统仍然可用。
* 蓝牙设备会在连接后生成类似 `bluez_output.XX_XX_XX_XX_XX_XX.a2dp_sink` 的 sink 名称；有时名称会略有差异，建议先查询。
列出 sinks（输出设备）：
```bash
pactl list short sinks
```
设置默认输出为蓝牙耳机（示例）：
```bash
pactl set-default-sink bluez_output.XX_XX_XX_XX_XX_XX.a2dp_sink
```
把当前正在播放的流移动到蓝牙设备：
```bash
pactl list short sink-inputs # 找到输入编号
pactl move-sink-input <输入编号> bluez_output.XX_XX_XX_XX_XX_XX.a2dp_sink
```
如果使用 PipeWire，遇到连接但没有声音的问题：
* 确保 `wireplumber` 或 `pipewire-media-session` 正常运行。
* 检查 profile（A2DP vs HFP）：A2DP 提供高音质但不可通话，HFP 可通话但质量较低。可通过 `pactl list cards` / `pactl set-card-profile` 调整。
---
# 亮度控制
笔记本屏幕亮度通常由内核暴露的 SysFS 接口 `/sys/class/backlight/*/brightness` 提供，写入该文件需要 root 权限或合适的权限（udev 规则）。桌面显示器、USB 显卡或 Wayland（特别是 wlroots）环境可能不会使用该接口，需要使用专门工具（如 `light`、`brightnessctl`、或 DE/Compositor 提供的接口）。
### 一、SysFS（多数笔记本适用）
查看最大亮度值与当前亮度：
```bash
cat /sys/class/backlight/*/max_brightness
cat /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness
```
设置亮度（需要 root）：
```bash
# 写入数值（0~max_brightness）
echo 5 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness
# 或者重定向（注意 sudo 的作用域）
sudo sh -c 'echo 5 > /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness'
```
如果遇到 “权限被拒绝”：
* 使用 `sudo tee` 或 `sudo sh -c`；或添加 udev 规则给某个用户写权限。
* 在某些内核/驱动下，背光接口名称可能不同（`intel_backlight`、`amdgpu_bl0` 等）。
### 二、brightnessctl
`brightnessctl` 是一个用户友好、支持百分比与设备选择的工具。
安装：
* Debian/Ubuntu:
```bash
sudo apt install brightnessctl
```
* Arch:
```bash
sudo pacman -S brightnessctl
```
用法示例：
```bash
brightnessctl info # 显示当前设备信息
brightnessctl get # 当前亮度
brightnessctl max # 最大亮度
brightnessctl set +10% # 增加 10%
brightnessctl set 50% # 设为 50%
```
---
# 音量控制
Linux 下有几层音量控制：硬件（ALSA）、中间层（PulseAudio / PipeWire）、用户层（桌面音量控制器）。常用命令行工具：`pactl`（PulseAudio / PipeWire）、`pamixer`（PulseAudio 前端）、`amixer`（ALSA 原生）。
### 一、pactl（PulseAudio / PipeWire）
查看 sinks：
```bash
pactl list short sinks
```
查看默认 sink：
```bash
pactl info | grep 'Default Sink'
```
设置默认音量：
```bash
pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ 50%
```
增量调节：
```bash
pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +5%
pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -5%
```
静音/取消静音/切换：
```bash
pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ 1
pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ 0
pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle
```
移动播放流（见蓝牙章节）：
```bash
pactl list short sink-inputs
pactl move-sink-input <输入编号> <目标-sink>
```
### 二、amixer（ALSA）
列出通道与当前值：
```bash
amixer sget Master
```
设置音量（绝对 / 相对）：
```bash
amixer sset Master 50% # 绝对值
amixer sset Master 5%+ # 增加
amixer sset Master 5%- # 减少
```
静音：
```bash
amixer set Master mute
amixer set Master unmute
amixer set Master toggle
```
> 当使用 PipeWire/PulseAudio 时，`amixer` 仍然可以操作底层硬件，但用户可听到的效果可能被上层音量（PulseWire/PulseAudio）覆盖。
### 三、pamixer（PulseAudio）
简洁的命令行前端，适合脚本：
```bash
pamixer --get-volume
pamixer --set-volume 40
pamixer --increase 5
pamixer --decrease 5
pamixer --toggle-mute
```
---
**Done.**

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<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://blog.dich.bid/linux-1-command/">Linux下的命令行操控</a></h1>
<div class="post-meta-inline">
<span class="post-date">
2023-07-20
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<span class="post-tags-inline">
:: tags:&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://blog.dich.bid/tags/linux/">#Linux</a></span>
<div class="post-content">
<p>前言 本文基于常见发行版（systemd + NetworkManager + PipeWire/ PulseAudio / ALSA）,目标是把常见的桌面/笔记本硬件（Wi-Fi、蓝牙、亮度、音量）通过命令行可复现、可理解地组织起来。</p>
<span id="continue-reading"></span><h1 id="wifi-kong-zhi">Wifi 控制</h1>
<p>现代桌面大多使用 NetworkManager 管理网络，<code>nmcli</code> 是其命令行接口。<code>nmcli</code> 能列出可用网络、连接/断开、创建配置文件（包括 WPA/WPA2/PSK、enterprise）等。相比直接编辑 wpa_supplicant 配置，<code>nmcli</code> 更安全、统一，能与 GUI 保持一致。</p>
<h3 id="chang-yong-ming-ling">常用命令</h3>
<p>列出接口及设备状态：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">nmcli</span><span> device status
</span></code></pre>
<p>列出附近 Wi-Fi（SSID、信号强度、安全类型）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">nmcli</span><span> device wifi list
</span></code></pre>
<p>交互式连接（会提示输入密码）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">nmcli</span><span> device wifi connect </span><span style="color:#556633;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">wifi-2.4G</span><span style="color:#556633;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> --ask
</span></code></pre>
<p>不交互式连接（将密码放在命令里 — 注意安全风险）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">nmcli</span><span> device wifi connect </span><span style="color:#556633;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">wifi-2.4G</span><span style="color:#556633;">&quot;</span><span> password </span><span style="color:#556633;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">your_password</span><span style="color:#556633;">&quot;
</span></code></pre>
<p>基于已有配置文件连接（例如创建一个保存的 connection 名称）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#888888;"># 创建连接（自动选择设备）
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">nmcli</span><span> connection add type wifi ifname wlan0 con-name my-home ssid </span><span style="color:#556633;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">wifi-2.4G</span><span style="color:#556633;">&quot; </span><span>\
</span><span> wifi-sec.key-mgmt wpa-psk wifi-sec.psk </span><span style="color:#556633;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">your_password</span><span style="color:#556633;">&quot;
</span><span>
</span><span style="color:#888888;"># 启用连接
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">nmcli</span><span> connection up my-home
</span></code></pre>
<p>断开或禁用接口：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#888888;"># 断开当前连接
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">nmcli</span><span> device disconnect wlan0
</span><span>
</span><span style="color:#888888;"># 禁用设备（软禁用）
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">nmcli</span><span> device set wlan0 managed no
</span></code></pre>
<p>查看连接详情：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">nmcli -f</span><span> all connection show my-home
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">nmcli</span><span> device show wlan0
</span></code></pre>
<hr />
<h1 id="lan-ya-kong-zhi">蓝牙控制</h1>
<p>Linux 上常见蓝牙栈为 BlueZ（蓝牙守护 <code>bluetoothd</code>），<code>bluetoothctl</code> 提供交互式 CLI。音频设备通常通过 BlueZ + PulseAudio（或 PipeWire）进行音频路由；配对/信任步骤必须完成才能稳定连接音频/键盘/鼠标等设备。</p>
<h3 id="yi-lan-ya-fu-wu-yu-mo-kuai-qi-yong-jin-yong">一、蓝牙服务与模块启用/禁用</h3>
<p>启用蓝牙服务（systemd）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> systemctl enable</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> --now</span><span> bluetooth.service
</span></code></pre>
<p>打开蓝牙适配器电源：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">bluetoothctl</span><span> power on
</span></code></pre>
<p>打开配对代理（用于交互式配对）并设置为默认：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">bluetoothctl</span><span> agent on
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">bluetoothctl</span><span> default-agent
</span></code></pre>
<p>开启可发现（让其它设备能扫描到）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">bluetoothctl</span><span> discoverable on
</span></code></pre>
<p>重启蓝牙服务（排错常用）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> systemctl restart bluetooth
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> journalctl</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -u</span><span> bluetooth</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -f
</span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：某些发行版在使用 PipeWire 做音频时还需要 <code>pipewire</code> / <code>wireplumber</code> 正确运行，否则音频通道（A2DP/HFP）无法建立。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="er-cha-kan-she-bei-yu-zhuang-tai">二、查看设备与状态</h3>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#888888;"># 列出本机所有蓝牙适配器
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">bluetoothctl</span><span> list
</span><span>
</span><span style="color:#888888;"># 查看本地适配器详细状态
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">bluetoothctl</span><span> show
</span><span>
</span><span style="color:#888888;"># 查看已配对设备
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">bluetoothctl</span><span> paired-devices
</span><span>
</span><span style="color:#888888;"># 查看某个设备详情（包括 UUID、已连接服务）
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">bluetoothctl</span><span> info AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="san-jiao-hu-shi-pei-dui-yu-lian-jie">三、交互式配对与连接</h3>
<p>交互式步骤（在 <code>bluetoothctl</code> 提示符下）：</p>
<pre data-lang="text" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-text "><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span>$ bluetoothctl
</span><span>[bluetooth]# power on
</span><span>[bluetooth]# agent on
</span><span>[bluetooth]# default-agent
</span><span>[bluetooth]# scan on
</span><span># 等待几秒，看到目标设备（并记录 MAC）
</span><span>[bluetooth]# pair AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
</span><span># 如果是需要 PIN 的设备，会提示配对码；确认或输入即可
</span><span>[bluetooth]# trust AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF # 使系统信任设备（开机后自动连接）
</span><span>[bluetooth]# connect AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
</span><span>[bluetooth]# exit
</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="si-duan-kai-yu-shan-chu-she-bei">四、断开与删除设备</h3>
<p>断开连接：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">bluetoothctl</span><span> disconnect AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
</span></code></pre>
<p>删除配对信息（“忘记设备”）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">bluetoothctl</span><span> remove AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="wu-lan-ya-ruan-ying-feng-suo">五、蓝牙软/硬封锁</h3>
<p>查看封锁状态：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">rfkill</span><span> list bluetooth
</span></code></pre>
<p>封锁（禁用）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> rfkill block bluetooth
</span></code></pre>
<p>解封（启用）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> rfkill unblock bluetooth
</span></code></pre>
<p>如果设备被<strong>硬封锁</strong>（硬件开关），软件方法无效，需要物理开关或 BIOS 设置。</p>
<h3 id="liu-yin-pin-shu-chu-qie-huan">六、音频输出切换</h3>
<ul>
<li>现代发行版多用 PipeWire 替代 PulseAudio，但 PipeWire 提供兼容接口，因此 <code>pactl</code>（PulseAudio 控制工具）在很多系统仍然可用。</li>
<li>蓝牙设备会在连接后生成类似 <code>bluez_output.XX_XX_XX_XX_XX_XX.a2dp_sink</code> 的 sink 名称；有时名称会略有差异，建议先查询。</li>
</ul>
<p>列出 sinks（输出设备）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> list short sinks
</span></code></pre>
<p>设置默认输出为蓝牙耳机（示例）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> set-default-sink bluez_output.XX_XX_XX_XX_XX_XX.a2dp_sink
</span></code></pre>
<p>把当前正在播放的流移动到蓝牙设备：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> list short sink-inputs </span><span style="color:#888888;"># 找到输入编号
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> move-sink-input &lt;输入编号&gt; bluez_output.XX_XX_XX_XX_XX_XX.a2dp_sink
</span></code></pre>
<p>如果使用 PipeWire，遇到连接但没有声音的问题：</p>
<ul>
<li>确保 <code>wireplumber</code> 或 <code>pipewire-media-session</code> 正常运行。</li>
<li>检查 profile（A2DP vs HFP）：A2DP 提供高音质但不可通话，HFP 可通话但质量较低。可通过 <code>pactl list cards</code> / <code>pactl set-card-profile</code> 调整。</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h1 id="liang-du-kong-zhi">亮度控制</h1>
<p>笔记本屏幕亮度通常由内核暴露的 SysFS 接口 <code>/sys/class/backlight/*/brightness</code> 提供，写入该文件需要 root 权限或合适的权限（udev 规则）。桌面显示器、USB 显卡或 Wayland（特别是 wlroots）环境可能不会使用该接口，需要使用专门工具（如 <code>light</code>、<code>brightnessctl</code>、或 DE/Compositor 提供的接口）。</p>
<h3 id="yi-sysfs-duo-shu-bi-ji-ben-gua-yong">一、SysFS（多数笔记本适用）</h3>
<p>查看最大亮度值与当前亮度：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">cat</span><span> /sys/class/backlight/*/max_brightness
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">cat</span><span> /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness
</span></code></pre>
<p>设置亮度（需要 root）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#888888;"># 写入数值（0~max_brightness）
</span><span>echo 5 | </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> tee /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness
</span><span>
</span><span style="color:#888888;"># 或者重定向（注意 sudo 的作用域）
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> sh</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -c </span><span style="color:#556633;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">echo 5 &gt; /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness</span><span style="color:#556633;">&#39;
</span></code></pre>
<p>如果遇到 “权限被拒绝”：</p>
<ul>
<li>使用 <code>sudo tee</code> 或 <code>sudo sh -c</code>；或添加 udev 规则给某个用户写权限。</li>
<li>在某些内核/驱动下，背光接口名称可能不同（<code>intel_backlight</code>、<code>amdgpu_bl0</code> 等）。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="er-brightnessctl">二、brightnessctl</h3>
<p><code>brightnessctl</code> 是一个用户友好、支持百分比与设备选择的工具。</p>
<p>安装：</p>
<ul>
<li>Debian/Ubuntu:</li>
</ul>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> apt install brightnessctl
</span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Arch:</li>
</ul>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> pacman</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -S</span><span> brightnessctl
</span></code></pre>
<p>用法示例：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">brightnessctl</span><span> info </span><span style="color:#888888;"># 显示当前设备信息
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">brightnessctl</span><span> get </span><span style="color:#888888;"># 当前亮度
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">brightnessctl</span><span> max </span><span style="color:#888888;"># 最大亮度
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">brightnessctl</span><span> set +10% </span><span style="color:#888888;"># 增加 10%
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">brightnessctl</span><span> set 50% </span><span style="color:#888888;"># 设为 50%
</span></code></pre>
<hr />
<h1 id="yin-liang-kong-zhi">音量控制</h1>
<p>Linux 下有几层音量控制：硬件（ALSA）、中间层（PulseAudio / PipeWire）、用户层（桌面音量控制器）。常用命令行工具：<code>pactl</code>（PulseAudio / PipeWire）、<code>pamixer</code>（PulseAudio 前端）、<code>amixer</code>（ALSA 原生）。</p>
<h3 id="yi-pactl-pulseaudio-pipewire">一、pactl（PulseAudio / PipeWire）</h3>
<p>查看 sinks：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> list short sinks
</span></code></pre>
<p>查看默认 sink：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> info | </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">grep </span><span style="color:#556633;">&#39;</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">Default Sink</span><span style="color:#556633;">&#39;
</span></code></pre>
<p>设置默认音量：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ 50%
</span></code></pre>
<p>增量调节：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +5%
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -5</span><span>%
</span></code></pre>
<p>静音/取消静音/切换：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ 1
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ 0
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle
</span></code></pre>
<p>移动播放流（见蓝牙章节）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> list short sink-inputs
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">pactl</span><span> move-sink-input &lt;输入编号&gt; &lt;目标-sink&gt;
</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="er-amixer-alsa">二、amixer（ALSA）</h3>
<p>列出通道与当前值：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">amixer</span><span> sget Master
</span></code></pre>
<p>设置音量（绝对 / 相对）：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">amixer</span><span> sset Master 50% </span><span style="color:#888888;"># 绝对值
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">amixer</span><span> sset Master 5%</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">+ </span><span style="color:#888888;"># 增加
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">amixer</span><span> sset Master 5%</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">- </span><span style="color:#888888;"># 减少
</span></code></pre>
<p>静音：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">amixer</span><span> set Master mute
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">amixer</span><span> set Master unmute
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">amixer</span><span> set Master toggle
</span></code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>当使用 PipeWire/PulseAudio 时，<code>amixer</code> 仍然可以操作底层硬件，但用户可听到的效果可能被上层音量（PulseWire/PulseAudio）覆盖。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="san-pamixer-pulseaudio">三、pamixer（PulseAudio）</h3>
<p>简洁的命令行前端，适合脚本：</p>
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">pamixer --get-volume
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">pamixer --set-volume</span><span> 40
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">pamixer --increase</span><span> 5
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">pamixer --decrease</span><span> 5
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">pamixer --toggle-mute
</span></code></pre>
<hr />
<p><strong>Done.</strong></p>
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tag: #Linux
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<a href="https://blog.dich.bid/linux-1-command/">
<span class="post-date">2023-07-20</span>
:: <span class="post-list-title">Linux下的命令行操控</span></a>
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<a class="post-tag" href="https://blog.dich.bid/tags/linux/">#Linux</a></span>
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