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<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://blog.dich.bid/awesome-openwrt/">综合工程:OpenWrt路由部署与软件编译</a></h1>
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2023-08-12
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:: tags:
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<a class="post-tag" href="https://blog.dich.bid/tags/zong-he-gong-cheng/">#综合工程</a></span>
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<div class="post-content">
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<p>前言 openwrt 是一个自由的、兼容性好的嵌入式 linux 发行版。作为软路由玩家必备的一款神器，可以实现诸如去广告，多拨和科学上网等多种功能。本文介绍openwrt在各种平台上的部署流程。</p>
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<span id="continue-reading"></span><h2 id="yao-shi-xian-de-mu-biao"><strong>要实现的目标</strong></h2>
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<ul>
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<li>1.IPv6 分配到每个设备；</li>
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<li>2.NAT类型为NAT1（全锥形）；</li>
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<li>3.可控的流量记录与IP控制/QOS；</li>
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<li>4.可靠的硬件加速；</li>
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<li>5.多线多播/宽带提速；</li>
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<li>6.PPPoE拨号，替代一部分光猫功能；</li>
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<li>7.智能DNS配置与去广告；</li>
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<li>8.VPN配置回家；</li>
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<li>9.实现透明代理。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="da-zhi-si-lu">大致思路</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>使用高性能的X86主机管理拨号和 DHCP 内网的工作，其他无线路由器桥接做AP，Mesh组网；</li>
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<li>使用绕过中国流量模式，国内流量不经过代理内核直接直连，加快国内网站访问。保持尽可能高的 NAT 等级；</li>
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<li>不使用旁路由，所有流量过主路由；由于第二点代理挂了也不影响国内正常上网；</li>
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<li>国内外域名分流查询，国内域名查运营商 DNS ，国外域名经代理查国外 DoH ，直接返回真实 IP；</li>
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<li>良好的国内 IPv6 支持，只对国内域名返回 IPv6 AAAA 结果，国外域名只用 IPv4；</li>
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<li>兼容 Adguard Home ，方便管理域名黑白名单；</li>
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<li>对能直连的国外服务能返回最优的节点，而不是绕路其他地方；</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="xuan-ze-he-gua-de-she-bei"><strong>选择合适的设备</strong></h2>
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<p>无论是传统的无线路由器还是小主机都有成为openwrt路由的潜力。截止到今天，已经有20多个品牌（小米，华硕，锐捷，华三等）30多种架构（x86,ipq,bcm,mtd等）支持刷入openwrt；你可以在这个<a href="https://mao.fan/select">网站</a>找到符合你预算和其他要求的，能刷机的路由器。
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传统家用无线路由器由于主频低，内存小，并不适合作为软路由；而 NAS-软路由一体式 又有 all in boom 的风险，因此推荐X86平台作为物理机。当然，也可以采用 armbian 平台或是开发板，例如网心云老母鸡、树莓派等设备。截至本文撰写时间，二手平台上的价格不太利好：一台J1900平台的售价往往在200左右，而专门的多网口工控机价格在200到1000不等，树莓派更是成为了理财产品，需要慎重选择。</p>
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<h2 id="xuan-ze-he-gua-de-xi-tong"><strong>选择合适的系统</strong></h2>
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<p>除了openwrt主线外，还可以选择：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/coolsnowwolf/lede">LEDE</a> 高质量，更新快速，具有新特性的openwrt分支。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/istoreos">iStoreOS</a> iStoreOS是openwrt的一个分支，iStoreOS 提供了软件中心：iStore，以及较美观的界面和docker支持，对新手体验较好。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><a href="https://firmware-selector.immortalwrt.org/">ImmortalWrt</a> 是一个原版openwrt的分支，中文优化好，更新也勤快，内置镜像源可以直连下载&更新。</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="ru-he-de-dao-yi-ge-openwrtxi-tong"><strong>如何得到一个openwrt系统</strong></h2>
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<ol>
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<li>使用编译好的现成的镜像:</li>
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</ol>
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<ul>
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<li>恩山论坛上的"高大全","精品小包"等等，但存在一定风险；</li>
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<li>使用<a href="https://downloads.openwrt.org">官方固件</a>下载得到一个最小化的系统，再一步步添加自己要用的包；注意需要根据你的uboot来选择，注意固件名称是否带了uboot_mod!</li>
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</ul>
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<ol start="2">
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<li>自行编译:</li>
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</ol>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://openwrt.ai/?target=x86%2F64&id=generic">Openwrt.ai</a>在线编译
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一个固件；</li>
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<li>可以使用GitHub action 云编译一个固件；</li>
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<li>可以在本地linux环境中进行编译。</li>
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</ul>
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<ol start="3">
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<li>ImageBuilder</li>
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</ol>
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<ul>
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<li>使用<a href="https://firmware-selector.openwrt.org/">Openwrt 官方ImageBuilder编译</a></li>
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<li>自行下载对应的ImageBuilder包并构建.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="toolchain-sdk-imagebuilder">Toolchain/SDK/ImageBuilder</h2>
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<table><thead><tr><th>特性</th><th><strong>Toolchain</strong></th><th><strong>SDK</strong></th><th><strong>Image Builder</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td>包含内容</td><td>仅交叉编译工具链（二进制版 GCC、ld、musl、binutils）</td><td>完整交叉编译环境 + feeds 脚本 + package 目录，用于 <code>.ipk</code> 包开发</td><td>预编译的根文件系统 + opkg 包（无需源码编译），用于快速定制固件映像</td></tr>
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<tr><td>典型用途</td><td>用于编译第三方程序或 CI，如 hello-world 示例</td><td>编写和编译 <code>.ipk</code> 包，本地或自动化环境中离线开发</td><td>快速生成可刷写的固件镜像，集成所需包且无需完整源码树</td></tr>
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<tr><td>解压即用</td><td>✅</td><td>✅</td><td>✅</td></tr>
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<tr><td>在源码树中的作用</td><td><code>make toolchain/install</code> 自动识别并使用跳过编译流程</td><td>源码树中不会触发 SDK 安装，需要手动解压并进入其目录使用</td><td>不使用源码树，直接在 Image Builder 根目录下运行 <code>make image</code> 等命令</td></tr>
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<tr><td>大小</td><td>较小（几十 MB）</td><td>较大（上百 MB）</td><td>中等（约数百 MB，因包含预编译包）</td></tr>
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<tr><td>构建时间</td><td>几秒到几分钟</td><td>几分钟到十几分钟（取决于 feeds 大小）</td><td>极快，可在几十秒到几分钟内完成定制镜像</td></tr>
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<tr><td>兼容性</td><td>与对应 Release 完全匹配</td><td>与对应 Release 完全匹配</td><td>与对应 Release 完全匹配</td></tr>
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<tr><td>使用难度</td><td>简单，只需解压并设置 PATH</td><td>适中，需要理解 feeds 机制及包管理</td><td>最简单，适合终端用户或快速测试环境</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<h2 id="x86ping-tai-an-zhuang-liu-cheng"><strong>X86平台安装流程：</strong></h2>
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<ol start="0">
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<li>安装准备：</li>
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</ol>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>一个U盘与一台双网口物理机</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>openwrt 的编译包，官方网站：<a href="https://firmware-selector.openwrt.org/?version=24.10.0-rc2&target=ipq40xx%2Fgeneric&id=glinet_gl-a1300">OpenWrt Firmware Selector</a></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>或者用由 eSir 大佬编译的<a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1uRXg_krKHPrQneI3F2GNcSVRoCgkqESr">懒人包</a></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>PE 启动盘，这里推荐<a href="https://github.com/VirtualHotBar/HotPEToolBox">HotPE</a></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><a href="https://www.roadkil.net/program.php?ProgramID=12#google_vignette">img 写盘工具</a></p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ol>
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<li>进入PE环境：</li>
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</ol>
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<ul>
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<li>打开微PE，将其安装进U盘中，安装完成后将 img 工具和 openwrt 包一起放进去；</li>
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<li>将U盘插入目标主机，进入 BIOS-boot 设置U盘优先启动，各主板进入 BIOS 的按键不同，不确定的话建议都试一遍。</li>
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</ul>
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<ol start="2">
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<li>格式化硬盘并写盘</li>
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</ol>
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<ul>
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<li>进入PE环境中，可以看到存在名为“分区助手”的软件，打开它并将目标主机硬盘格式化；注意不要分区！不要分区！不要设置文件系统！否则后续可能无法编译！点击左上角提交并执行</li>
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<li>打开img写盘工具，将openwrt包写入硬盘，注意不要写进U盘里。</li>
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</ul>
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<ol start="3">
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<li>进入配置界面</li>
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</ol>
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<ul>
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<li>重启系统并快速拔出U盘，避免重新进入PE；这时系统开始运行了。注意Esir固件是不跑码的，无需担心。- 一个U盘与一台双网口物理机</li>
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<li>当看到 <code>please press Enter to activate this console</code>这个提示的时候系统就安装完毕了。可使用 passwd 命令设置密码。软路由将自动获取IP地址，随后我们在浏览器中打开该地址，即可看到 Lucl 界面。</li>
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</ul>
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<ol start="4">
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<li>如果你使用官方固件，注意:</li>
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</ol>
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<ul>
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<li>硬盘空间有一部分没有被格式化，可以手动格式化为ext4并挂载。</li>
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<li>注意初始IP往往是192.168.1.1，如果和光猫冲突需要在网络-接口中更改。</li>
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<li>基本系统主题比较简陋，可以使用luci-theme-argon。</li>
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<li>刷错主题无法打开luci：通过 SSH 登录路由器，切换到另一个已知正常的主题（例如 Bootstrap）：
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<code>uci set luci.main.mediaurlbase='/luci-static/bootstrap' uci commit luci /etc/init.d/uhttpd restart</code>
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然后重新访问 Web 界面，查看是否恢复正常。</li>
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<li>一般要安装的包：</li>
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</ul>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>openssh-sftp-server
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</span><span>libpcap
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</span><span>luci-app-upnp
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</span><span>luci-app-ttyd
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</span><span>kmod-nft-xxx
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</span></code></pre>
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<h2 id="x86ping-tai-ben-di-bian-yi-wan-zheng-openwrt"><strong>X86平台本地编译完整openwrt</strong></h2>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><strong>系统版本：Debian 11 或者 Ubuntu LTS</strong></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>网络要求：科学上网环境，配置推荐 2H4G 以上</strong></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>编译依赖</strong></p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>sudo apt update
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</span><span>sudo apt install -y \
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</span><span> ack antlr3 asciidoc autoconf automake autopoint binutils bison build-essential \
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</span><span> bzip2 ccache clang cmake cpio curl device-tree-compiler diffutils diffstat findutils flex gawk \
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</span><span> gcc-multilib g++-multilib git gettext gperf grep haveged help2man intltool \
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</span><span> libelf-dev libfuse-dev libgmp3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgraphene-1.0-dev libglib2.0-dev \
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</span><span> libltdl-dev libmpc-dev libmpfr-dev libncurses-dev libpython3-dev libreadline-dev libssl-dev \
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</span><span> libtool lrzsz make mesa-common-dev msmtp ninja-build p7zip p7zip-full patch pkgconf \
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</span><span> perl python-is-python3 python3 python3-dev python3-distutils-extra python3-pip python3-pyelftools \
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</span><span> python3-setuptools qemu-utils rsync scons squashfs-tools subversion swig texinfo uglifyjs \
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</span><span> upx-ucl unzip vim wget gnu-which xmlto xxd zlib1g-dev genisoimage llvm llvm-runtime docutils-common \
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</span><span> ecj fastjar java-wrappers libeclipse-jdt-core-java libgnutls-dane0t64 \
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</span><span> libgnutls-openssl27t64 libgnutls28-dev libidn2-dev libp11-kit-dev libtasn1-6-dev libtasn1-doc \
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</span><span> libunbound8 libyaml-dev lld lld-18 nettle-dev python3-docutils python3-ply python3-roman re2c
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</span></code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>清理</strong></li>
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</ul>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>sudo apt autoremove --purge
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</span><span>sudo apt clean
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</span></code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>新建一个用户，用于编译固件(可选)</strong></li>
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</ul>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>useradd -m openwrt # 新建一个名为 openwrt 的用户
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</span></code></pre>
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<blockquote>
|
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<p>不可以使用Root用户进行编译！!!</p>
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</blockquote>
|
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<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>修改用户默认的 Shell</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>apt install -y sudo
|
||
</span><span>usermod -s /bin/bash openwrt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>切换用户</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>su openwrt
|
||
</span><span>cd ~
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>拉取源码，这里用的是 ImmortalWrt 24.10 分支源码：</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>git clone https://github.com/immortalwrt/immortalwrt.git
|
||
</span><span>cd immortalwrt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>选择分支</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>如果你想要编译稳定版(stable),使用</p>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>git tag switch xxx #例如git tag switch 24.10.2
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>如果你想要编译最新版(snapshot),使用</p>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>git switch xxx #例如git switch openwrt-24.10
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="mu-lu-shuo-ming">目录说明</h3>
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>名称</th><th>作用</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||
<tr><td><code>Makefile</code></td><td><strong>整个 OpenWrt 构建系统的总入口点</strong>（顶层 Makefile），运行 <code>make menuconfig</code>、<code>make</code> 都依赖它</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>Config.in</code></td><td>Kconfig 系统的入口配置文件，决定 <code>make menuconfig</code> 菜单显示什么选项</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>config/</code></td><td>构建系统的默认配置模板、菜单逻辑，和 <code>menuconfig</code> 相关</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>include/</code></td><td>包含通用 makefile 片段的目录（比如编译选项、函数定义）</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>rules.mk</code></td><td>所有包编译通用规则都写在这里，<code>include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk</code> 是常见语句</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>feeds.conf.default</code></td><td>定义 Feed 源（即可选的软件源），可用于管理外部包，比如 <code>luci</code>、<code>packages</code></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>feeds/</code> <em>(克隆后还没出现)</em></td><td><code>./scripts/feeds update -a</code> 后才会出现，用来保存外部 feed 的代码</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>package/</code></td><td>OpenWrt 自带的核心包和第三方包（除 feeds 外的）都在这，结构是 <code>package/<分类>/<包名></code></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>target/</code></td><td>支持的平台架构，比如 <code>x86</code>、<code>ramips</code>、<code>ath79</code>、<code>mediatek</code> 等都在里面</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>toolchain/</code></td><td>编译器链、glibc/musl、binutils、gcc 都在这里构建</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>tools/</code></td><td>构建工具目录，编译前工具如 <code>m4</code>、<code>autoconf</code>、<code>xz</code>、<code>patch</code> 等放在这</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>scripts/</code></td><td>脚本工具目录，如 <code>feeds</code> 管理、镜像合并、menuconfig 支持等</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>LICENSES/</code></td><td>所有包/组件的许可证归档</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>COPYING</code></td><td>OpenWrt 的主许可证（GPLv2）</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>README.md</code></td><td>简要介绍如何开始使用 OpenWrt 的说明文档</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>BSDmakefile</code></td><td>为 BSD 系统一些兼容 makefile，Linux 用户用不到</td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>添加软件源,可自行添加软件源至 feeds.conf.default 文件</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>vim feeds.conf.default
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>常用源</strong></p>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>src-git kenzo https://github.com/kenzok8/openwrt-packages
|
||
</span><span>src-git small https://github.com/kenzok8/small
|
||
</span><span>src-git haibo https://github.com/haiibo/openwrt-packages
|
||
</span><span>src-git liuran001 https://github.com/liuran001/openwrt-packages
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>常用仓库</strong></p>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>src/gz kwrt_core https://dl.openwrt.ai/releases/24.10/targets/x86/64/6.6.83
|
||
</span><span>src/gz kwrt_base https://dl.openwrt.ai/releases/24.10/packages/x86_64/base
|
||
</span><span>src/gz kwrt_packages https://dl.openwrt.ai/releases/24.10/packages/x86_64/packages
|
||
</span><span>src/gz kwrt_luci https://dl.openwrt.ai/releases/24.10/packages/x86_64/luci
|
||
</span><span>src/gz kwrt_routing https://dl.openwrt.ai/releases/24.10/packages/x86_64/routing
|
||
</span><span>src/gz kwrt_kiddin9 https://dl.openwrt.ai/releases/24.10/packages/x86_64/kiddin9
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>单独添加</strong>（在更新并安装插件之前执行）例如：</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>git clone https://github.com/chenmozhijin/turboacc.git
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>更新并安装插件</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>./scripts/feeds clean
|
||
</span><span>./scripts/feeds update -a
|
||
</span><span>./scripts/feeds install -a
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th><code>./scripts/feeds update -a</code></th><th>同步／更新 <strong>外部 feed</strong>（packages、luci、routing 等）的 Git 仓库到本地 <code>feeds/</code> 目录</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||
<tr><td><code>./scripts/feeds install -a</code></td><td>把你在 feeds 里选要用的包 <strong>链接</strong> 到源码树的 <code>package/feeds/</code>，让它们参与编译</td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>自定义配置</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>#!/usr/bin/env bash
|
||
</span><span># diy-part2.sh — 在镜像生成时注入默认设置和定制 SSH 横幅及模型修复
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 1. 默认 hostname（可选）
|
||
</span><span>sed -i 's/=ImmortalWrt/=my-device/' package/base-files/files/bin/config_generate
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 2. 默认 IP 地址（可选）
|
||
</span><span>sed -i 's/192.168.1.1/192.168.5.1/' package/base-files/files/bin/config_generate
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 3. 默认 root 密码（请换成安全密码）
|
||
</span><span>HASH=$(openssl passwd -1 'yourpassword')
|
||
</span><span>sed -i "s|root::0:0:99999|root:${HASH}:0:0:99999|" package/base-files/files/etc/shadow
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 4. 设置默认 LuCI 主题为 argon（内置在 luci feeds）
|
||
</span><span>cat >>package/base-files/files/etc/uci-defaults/99_set_theme <<'EOF'
|
||
</span><span>uci set luci.main.mediaurlbase=/luci-static/argon
|
||
</span><span>uci commit luci
|
||
</span><span>EOF
|
||
</span><span>chmod +x package/base-files/files/etc/uci-defaults/99_set_theme
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 5. 默认加载 BBR 拥塞控制算法
|
||
</span><span>mkdir -p package/base-files/files/etc/sysctl.d
|
||
</span><span>cat >>package/base-files/files/etc/sysctl.d/99-bbr.conf <<'EOF'
|
||
</span><span>net.core.default_qdisc=fq_codel
|
||
</span><span>net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr
|
||
</span><span>EOF
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 检查BBR: sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 6. 将默认 shell 修改为 bash
|
||
</span><span>sed -i "s|/bin/ash|/bin/bash|g" package/base-files/files/etc/passwd
|
||
</span><span># 请在 .config 中添加 TARGET_PACKAGES += bash
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 7. 自定义 SSH 登录横幅（banner）
|
||
</span><span>mkdir -p package/base-files/files/etc
|
||
</span><span>if [ -f "scripts/custom-files/banner.txt" ]; then
|
||
</span><span> cp scripts/custom-files/banner.txt package/base-files/files/etc/banner
|
||
</span><span>else
|
||
</span><span> cat >package/base-files/files/etc/banner <<'EOF'
|
||
</span><span>Welcome to MyDevice (ImmortalWrt)\n
|
||
</span><span>EOF
|
||
</span><span>fi
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 8. 自定义 LuCI 概览设备型号 🛠
|
||
</span><span># 通过 uci-defaults 脚本写入 /tmp/sysinfo/model
|
||
</span><span>cat >>package/base-files/files/etc/uci-defaults/99-model-fix <<'EOF'
|
||
</span><span>#!/bin/sh
|
||
</span><span># 设置自定义设备型号
|
||
</span><span>mkdir -p /tmp/sysinfo
|
||
</span><span>echo "Your Router Model" > /tmp/sysinfo/model
|
||
</span><span>exit 0
|
||
</span><span>EOF
|
||
</span><span>chmod +x package/base-files/files/etc/uci-defaults/99-model-fix
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>执行 <strong>make menuconfig</strong> 命令进入编译菜单。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>功能描述</th><th>优点</th><th>适用场景</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||
<tr><td><code>make menuconfig</code></td><td>以 ncurses 界面交互式地浏览、修改当前 <code>.config</code> 与最新 Kconfig 中的所有选项</td><td>界面友好，支持搜索和分类；可直观调整</td><td>想手动挑选/调整配置时</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>make oldconfig</code></td><td>在命令行逐项对比 <code>.config</code> 与最新 Kconfig：保留原值、提示新增项、删除废弃项</td><td>快速同步，只对新增选项发出提示；无需界面</td><td>自动化脚本或快速同步配置时</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><code>make defconfig</code></td><td>忽略当前 <code>.config</code>，直接加载架构/板级目录下的默认配置（<code>defconfig</code>）</td><td>一键生成官方/平台推荐的「干净」配置</td><td>想重置到官方默认或重新开始时</td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table>
|
||
<h3 id="bian-yi-pei-zhi-cai-dan-shuo-ming-bu-fen"><strong>编译配置菜单说明（部分）</strong></h3>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>Target System (x86) # 选择目标平台
|
||
</span><span>└── Subtarget (x86_64) # 选择 64-bit 子架构
|
||
</span><span> └── Target Profile (Generic) # “Generic” 表示通用 x86_64 设备
|
||
</span><span> └── Target Images # 固件镜像设置
|
||
</span><span> ├── ramdisk # 可选内存盘镜像
|
||
</span><span> │ ├── Compression # 压缩类型（如 none 表示无压缩）
|
||
</span><span> │ ├── Root filesystem archives # 压缩存档：cpio.gz 或 tar.gz
|
||
</span><span> │ └── Root filesystem images # 文件系统镜像：ext4、squashfs、Gzip
|
||
</span><span> └── Image Options # 镜像选项
|
||
</span><span> ├── Kernel partition size # 内核分配分区大小
|
||
</span><span> ├── Root filesystem partition size # 根文件系统分区大小
|
||
</span><span> └── Make /var persistent # 是否保留 /var 持久化
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span>Global build settings # 全局构建设置
|
||
</span><span>Advanced configuration options (for developers) # 开发者高级选项
|
||
</span><span>Build the OpenWrt Image Builder # 编译镜像构建器
|
||
</span><span>Build the OpenWrt SDK # 构建交叉编译 SDK
|
||
</span><span>Package the OpenWrt‑based Toolchain # 打包 OpenWrt 工具链
|
||
</span><span>Image configuration # 镜像总体配置页面
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span>Base system # 系统基础组件
|
||
</span><span>Administration # 管理工具（如 ssh、管理员脚本）
|
||
</span><span>Boot Loaders # 引导程序（如 grub、syslinux）
|
||
</span><span>Development # 编译/调试辅助工具
|
||
</span><span>Extra packages # 附加应用（如 wget、curl）
|
||
</span><span>Firmware # 固件工具
|
||
</span><span>Fonts # 字体支持
|
||
</span><span>Kernel modules # x86 内核模块驱动
|
||
</span><span>Languages # 编程语言包（如 Python3、Node.js）
|
||
</span><span>Libraries # 系统库依赖
|
||
</span><span>LuCI # Web UI 前端
|
||
</span><span>└── Collections
|
||
</span><span>└── Modules
|
||
</span><span>└── Applications
|
||
</span><span>└── Themes
|
||
</span><span>└── Protocols
|
||
</span><span>└── Libraries
|
||
</span><span>└── default‑settings
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span>Mail # 邮件客户端
|
||
</span><span>Multimedia # 媒体工具（如 ffmpeg）
|
||
</span><span>Network # 网络功能（如 openvpn、wireguard）
|
||
</span><span>Sound # 音频相关软件
|
||
</span><span>Utilities # 常用实用程序（如 vim、htop）
|
||
</span><span>Xorg # 桌面环境支持（X11 图形系统）
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>预下载编译所需的软件包</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>make download -j8
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>检查文件完整性</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>find dl -size -1024c -exec ls -l {} \;
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>检查文件完整性命令可以列出下载不完整的文件，小于1k的文件属于下载不完整，如果存在则用下面的命令删除，然后重新下载编译所需的软件包，再次检查.确认所有文件完整可大大提高编译成功率，避免浪费时间</p>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>find dl -size -1024c -exec rm -f {} \;
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>最后编译固件（-j 后面是线程数，首次编译推荐用单线程）编译完成后输出路径是bin/targets.</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>make V=s -j1
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span>或者使用 make world -j1 V=s 2>&1 | tee world_debug.log
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span>如果报错可查看 grep -E "(error|fatal|Cannot install package)" world_debug.log -n
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>make层级</th><th>目录示例</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||
<tr><td>make[1]</td><td>顶层 Makefile</td><td>解析依赖，调度模块</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>make[2]</td><td><code>tools/</code></td><td>编译辅助工具</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>make[2]</td><td><code>toolchain/</code></td><td>编译交叉编译工具链</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>make[2]</td><td><code>target/linux/</code></td><td>编译内核及设备树</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>make[2]</td><td><code>package/</code></td><td>进入包管理，调度包构建</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>make[3]</td><td><code>package/libs/libc</code></td><td>单个包的 Makefile</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>make[3]</td><td><code>package/utils/busybox</code></td><td>单个包的 Makefile</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>make[4]</td><td><code>build_dir/target-...</code></td><td>包源码目录，运行源码的 make</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>make[4]</td><td><code>build_dir/target-linux-...</code></td><td>内核源码目录</td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table>
|
||
<h2 id="dan-du-bian-yi-openwrtde-ipkbao">单独编译openwrt的ipk包</h2>
|
||
<p>这里以ubuntu环境为例，我们假设你有一台虚拟机或者WSL。</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p><code>注意编译不能使用Root用户！</code></p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p><strong>随后安装编译依赖的各个包：</strong></p>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>sudo apt update
|
||
</span><span>sudo apt install -y \
|
||
</span><span> ack antlr3 asciidoc autoconf automake autopoint binutils bison build-essential \
|
||
</span><span> bzip2 ccache clang cmake cpio curl device-tree-compiler diffutils diffstat findutils flex gawk \
|
||
</span><span> gcc-multilib g++-multilib git gettext gperf grep haveged help2man intltool \
|
||
</span><span> libelf-dev libfuse-dev libgmp3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgraphene-1.0-dev libglib2.0-dev \
|
||
</span><span> libltdl-dev libmpc-dev libmpfr-dev libncurses-dev libpython3-dev libreadline-dev libssl-dev \
|
||
</span><span> libtool lrzsz make mesa-common-dev msmtp ninja-build p7zip p7zip-full patch pkgconf \
|
||
</span><span> perl python-is-python3 python3 python3-dev python3-distutils-extra python3-pip python3-pyelftools \
|
||
</span><span> python3-setuptools qemu-utils rsync scons squashfs-tools subversion swig texinfo uglifyjs \
|
||
</span><span> upx-ucl unzip vim wget gnu-which xmlto xxd zlib1g-dev genisoimage llvm llvm-runtime docutils-common \
|
||
</span><span> ecj fastjar java-wrappers libeclipse-jdt-core-java libgnutls-dane0t64 \
|
||
</span><span> libgnutls-openssl27t64 libgnutls28-dev libidn2-dev libp11-kit-dev libtasn1-6-dev libtasn1-doc \
|
||
</span><span> libunbound8 libyaml-dev lld lld-18 nettle-dev python3-docutils python3-ply python3-roman re2c
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>随后下载我们<strong>刷入openwrt的对应的SDK包</strong>，如</p>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>git clone https://github.com/immortalwrt/immortalwrt.git
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>下载和安装仓库信息</strong></p>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>./scripts/feeds update -a
|
||
</span><span>./scripts/feeds install -a
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>下载并选中我们需要编译的包,这里以inyn为例：</strong></p>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>git clone https://github.com/diredocks/openwrt-inyn.git ./package/inyn
|
||
</span><span>make menuconfig
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>在 <code>menuconfig</code> 的命令行界面中，选中 <code>Network -> inyn</code> 将其首部调整为 <code><M></code> 表示按需编译，最后选中 <code>Save -> OK -> Exit</code> 保存配置信息，然后 <code>Exit</code> 退出配置。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>编译 inyn 软件包</strong></p>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>make package/inyn/compile V=s
|
||
</span><span>## 如果不行则需要先编译工具链，即为 make j=4 ，j为CPU核数
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="chang-yong-ming-ling">常用命令:</h2>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span># 更新软件列表
|
||
</span><span>opkg update
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 更新所有 LUCI 插件
|
||
</span><span>opkg list-upgradable | grep luci- | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | xargs opkg upgrade
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 如果要更新所有软件，包括 OpenWRT 内核、固件等
|
||
</span><span>opkg list-upgradable | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | xargs opkg upgrade
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 固件版本号
|
||
</span><span>vim /etc/os-release
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 脚本&脚注
|
||
</span><span>vim /etc/openwrt_release
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># ASCII字符画
|
||
</span><span>vim /etc/banner
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span># 登录脚本显示
|
||
</span><span>vim /etc/profile
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="chang-yong-ke-xue-cha-jian">常用科学插件</h2>
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>特性</th><th>HomeProxy</th><th>OpenClash</th><th>Passwall</th><th>ShellClash</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||
<tr><td><strong>核心</strong></td><td>Sing-box、Xray</td><td>Clash</td><td>Xray、Sing-box</td><td>Clash、Xray、Sing-box</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><strong>UI 管理</strong></td><td>✅（Web UI、桌面端 GUI）</td><td>✅（OpenClash Web UI）</td><td>✅（Luci Web UI）</td><td>❌（Shell 终端管理）</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><strong>适用场景</strong></td><td>性能较好,但分流设置复杂</td><td>适用于clash系,机场首选</td><td>操作简单,分流完善,但对路由器性能要求较高</td><td>没有UI界面，性能最好，支持完善，可以通过clashapi安装UI</td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table>
|
||
<h2 id="xiao-yuan-wang-duo-she-bei-fang-jian-ce">校园网多设备防检测</h2>
|
||
<p><strong>常见检测方法</strong>：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>TTL检测法 解法：插件统一修复或使用桥接；使用kmod-iptables-ipot模块；</li>
|
||
<li>User-Agent 解法：统一经过singbox代理或使用UA2F/UA3F；</li>
|
||
<li>时间戳检测法 解法：统一NTP服务器；</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><strong>高性能开销检测方法</strong>：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>IP-ID检测法 解法：UDP over TCP或rkp-IPid；</li>
|
||
<li>Flash cookie 解法：内置防火墙组件；</li>
|
||
<li>DPI检测法 深度包检测特征值 解法：代理协议；</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>高性能开销的检测方法会浪费大量性能，一般很少有学校这么做。IP-ID和Flash检测法如今已经不多见。</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p><strong>TTL修复</strong>:</p>
|
||
<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>依赖包
|
||
</span><span>opkg install kmod-nft-core kmod-nft-bridge kmod-nft-net kmod-nft-offload kmod-nft-nat
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span>首先检查 mangle 表是否存在
|
||
</span><span>nft list tables
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span>创建 mangle 表（如果不存在）
|
||
</span><span>nft add table ip mangle
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span>创建 POSTROUTING 链（如果不存在）
|
||
</span><span>nft add chain ip mangle POSTROUTING { type nat hook postrouting priority 0 \; }
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span>添加 TTL 规则
|
||
</span><span>nft add rule ip mangle POSTROUTING ip ttl set 64
|
||
</span><span>
|
||
</span><span>检查规则是否生效
|
||
</span><span>nft list table ip mangle
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="openwrtgai-apmo-shi">Openwrt改AP模式</h2>
|
||
<p>有时候我们使用X86做主路由，想让无线路由器只起到发射信号的作用，就可以将其改为AP模式，一般步骤为：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>更改lan地址，将lan口地址改到主路由下的一个IP;</li>
|
||
<li>关闭DHCP服务；</li>
|
||
<li>关闭WAN口；</li>
|
||
<li>关闭防火墙的禁止转发规则，全部允许；</li>
|
||
<li>将X86主路由的网线插到AP的任意一个LAN口。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="link">🔗</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://openwrt.org/zh/docs/start">Openwrt wiki</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://openwrt.ai/?target=ipq807x%2Fgeneric&id=xiaomi_ax3600">OpenWrt在线定制编译</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/tfel-ypoc/p/17226064.html">openwrt luci 页面无法访问 问题排查</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://post.smzdm.com/p/axz6369w/">超详细，多图，简单，OpenWRT 设置，IPV6配置</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44548582/article/details/121064734">保姆级-光猫改桥接-路由拨号-openwrt端口转发</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
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