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<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://blog.dich.bid/linux-3-android-dev/">Linux-Android开发环境部署</a></h1>
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2025-11-20
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:: tags:
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<a class="post-tag" href="https://blog.dich.bid/tags/linux/">#Linux</a></span>
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<div class="post-content">
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<p>前言 本文记录Android命令行开发环境在Linux上的部署，用以替代Android-studio。</p>
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<span id="continue-reading"></span><h2 id="ubuntufang-an">Ubuntu方案</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>首先安装依赖包：</li>
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</ul>
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<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> apt install openjdk-17-jdk nodejs
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</span></code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li>安装Command-tools：</li>
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</ul>
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<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">mkdir -p ~</span><span>/Android/cmdline-tools/latest
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</span><span style="color:#888888;">## 下载链接：https://developer.android.com/studio?hl=zh-cn#command-tools
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</span><span>cd </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">~</span><span>/Android/cmdline-tools/latest
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">wget</span><span> https://dl.google.com/android/repository/commandlinetools-linux-13114758_latest.zip
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">unzip</span><span> ./commandlinetools-linux-13114758_latest.zip
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</span></code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li>使用官方脚本安装Sdkman包管理器：</li>
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</ul>
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<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">curl -s </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">https://get.sdkman.io</span><span style="color:#556633;">" </span><span>| </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">bash
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</span><span>source </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">HOME</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span></code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li>随后使用Sdkman下载并安装gradle/kotlin：</li>
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</ul>
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<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sdk</span><span> install gradle
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sdk</span><span> install kotlin
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</span></code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li>设置环境变量：</li>
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</ul>
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<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">export </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ANDROID_HOME</span><span>=</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">HOME</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">/Android
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</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">export </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">PATH</span><span>=</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">PATH</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">:$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ANDROID_HOME</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">/emulator
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</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">export </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">PATH</span><span>=</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">PATH</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">:$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ANDROID_HOME</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">/platform-tools
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</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">export </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">PATH</span><span>=</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">PATH</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">:$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ANDROID_HOME</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">/cmdline-tools/latest/bin
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</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">export </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">PATH</span><span>=</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">PATH</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">:$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ANDROID_HOME</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">/build-tools/34.0.0
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</span><span>source </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">~</span><span>/.bashrc
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</span></code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li>继续下载一些SDK平台与构建工具：</li>
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</ul>
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<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sdkmanager </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">platforms;android-34</span><span style="color:#556633;">" "</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">build-tools;34.0.0</span><span style="color:#556633;">" "</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">platform-tools</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sdkmanager </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">emulator</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span> //虚拟机中调试
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</span></code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li>查看版本</li>
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</ul>
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<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span>(</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">base</span><span>) dich@uos:</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">~</span><span>$ sdk version
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</span><span>
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">SDKMAN!
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">script:</span><span> 5.20.0
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">native:</span><span> 0.7.14 (linux x86_64)
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</span><span>
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</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">base</span><span>) dich@uos:</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">~</span><span>$ gradle</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -v
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</span><span>
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">------------------------------------------------------------
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Gradle</span><span> 8.10.2
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">------------------------------------------------------------
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</span><span>
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Build</span><span> time: 2024-09-23 21:28:39 UTC
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Revision:</span><span> 415adb9e06a516c44b391edff552fd42139443f7
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</span><span>
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Kotlin:</span><span> 1.9.24
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Groovy:</span><span> 3.0.22
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Ant:</span><span> Apache Ant(TM) </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">version</span><span> 1.10.14 compiled on August 16 2023
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Launcher</span><span> JVM: 17.0.16 (Ubuntu 17.0.16+8-Ubuntu-0ubuntu124.04.1)
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Daemon</span><span> JVM: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64 (no JDK specified, using current Java home)
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">OS:</span><span> Linux 6.14.0-35-generic amd64
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</span><span>
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</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">base</span><span>) dich@uos:</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">~</span><span>/Git/android-templates$ kotlin</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -version
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Kotlin</span><span> version 1.6.21-release-334 (JRE 21.0.8+9-Ubuntu-0ubuntu124.04.1)
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</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">base</span><span>) dich@uos:</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">~</span><span>/Git/android-templates/template-compose$ kscript</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -v
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Copyright</span><span> : 2022 Holger Brandl
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">License</span><span> : MIT
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Version</span><span> : v4.0.3
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Website</span><span> : https://github.com/holgerbrandl/kscript
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">A</span><span> new version (v4.2.0) </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">of</span><span> kscript is available.
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Kotlin</span><span> : 2.1.10-release-473
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">Java</span><span> : JRE 17.0.16+8
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</span></code></pre>
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<h2 id="keyfang-an">Key方案</h2>
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<p>构建Release包需要密钥签名验证，可以使用传统的环境变量配置或者使用密钥管理器.</p>
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<h3 id="xiang-tong-bu-fen">相同部分</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>生成密钥</li>
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</ul>
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<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">keytool -genkey -v </span><span>\
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -keystore ~</span><span>/.android/jetlagged-release.keystore \
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -alias</span><span> jetlagged \
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -keyalg</span><span> RSA \
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -keysize</span><span> 2048 \
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -validity</span><span> 10000
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</span></code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li>修改app/build.gradle.kts</li>
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</ul>
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<pre data-lang="java" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-java "><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"><span> signingConfigs {
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">create</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">release</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span>) {
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</span><span> storeFile = </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">System</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">getenv</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">KEYSTORE_FILE</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span>)?.let { </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">file</span><span>(it) }
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</span><span> storePassword = </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">System</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">getenv</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">KEYSTORE_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span>)
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</span><span> keyAlias = </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">System</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">getenv</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">KEY_ALIAS</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span>)
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</span><span> keyPassword = </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">System</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">getenv</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">KEY_PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span>)
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</span><span> }
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</span><span> }
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</span><span>
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</span><span> buildTypes {
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</span><span> release {
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</span><span> signingConfig = signingConfigs.</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">getByName</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">release</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span>) </span><span style="color:#888888;">// 添加这行
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</span><span> isMinifyEnabled = true
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proguardFiles</span><span>(
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">getDefaultProguardFile</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">proguard-android-optimize.txt</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span>),
|
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">proguard-rules.pro</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span><span> )
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</span><span> }
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</span><span> }
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</span></code></pre>
|
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<h3 id="chuan-tong-fang-fa">传统方法</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>创建配置文件</li>
|
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</ul>
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<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">cat </span><span>> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">~</span><span>/.android-signing-secrets </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;"><< </span><span style="color:#556633;">'</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">EOF</span><span style="color:#556633;">'
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</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">export KEYSTORE_FILE="$HOME/.android/jetlagged-release.keystore"
|
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</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">export KEYSTORE_PASSWORD="你的keystore密码"
|
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</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">export KEY_ALIAS="jetlagged"
|
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</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">export KEY_PASSWORD="你的key密码"
|
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</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">EOF
|
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</span><span>
|
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</span><span style="color:#888888;"># 设置权限
|
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">chmod</span><span> 600 </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">~</span><span>/.android-signing-secrets
|
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</span><span>
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</span><span style="color:#888888;"># 添加到 gitignore (全局)
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</span><span>echo </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">.android-signing-secrets</span><span style="color:#556633;">" </span><span>>> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">~</span><span>/.gitignore_global
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</span></code></pre>
|
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<ul>
|
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<li>flake配置</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#888888;"># Auto load Key
|
||
</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">if </span><span>[ </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">-f </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">HOME</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">/.android-signing-secrets</span><span style="color:#556633;">" </span><span>]; </span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">then
|
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</span><span> source </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">HOME</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">/.android-signing-secrets</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||
</span><span> echo </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">KeyOK</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
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</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">fi
|
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</span></code></pre>
|
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<h3 id="xian-dai-fang-fa">现代方法</h3>
|
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<ul>
|
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<li>安装libsecret包</li>
|
||
<li>keepassxc新建Android群组，添加条目<code>android_key_password</code>和<code>android_keystore_password</code>；</li>
|
||
<li>设置密码，和上面生成的相同；</li>
|
||
<li>在条目的高级-属性中添加<code>name/android_key_password</code>和<code>name/android_keystore_password</code>；</li>
|
||
<li>打开设置-保密服务集成，公开Android文件夹</li>
|
||
<li>flake中写</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#888888;"># Release Key
|
||
</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">export </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">KEYSTORE_FILE</span><span>=</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">HOME</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">/.android/jetlagged-release.keystore</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||
</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">export </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">KEY_ALIAS</span><span>=</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">jetlagged</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||
</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">export </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">KEYSTORE_PASSWORD</span><span>=</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">$(</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">secret-tool</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;"> lookup name android_keystore_password)</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||
</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">export </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">KEY_PASSWORD</span><span>=</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">$(</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">secret-tool</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;"> lookup name android_key_password)</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<p><strong>Done.</strong></p>
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