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content/linux-3-android-dev.md
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title = "Linux-Android开发环境部署"
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date = 2025-11-20
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[taxonomies]
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tags = ["Linux"]
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前言 本文记录Android命令行开发环境在Linux上的部署，用以替代Android-studio。
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<!-- more -->
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## Ubuntu方案
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- 首先安装依赖包：
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```bash
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sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk nodejs
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```
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- 安装Command-tools：
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```bash
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mkdir -p ~/Android/cmdline-tools/latest
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## 下载链接：https://developer.android.com/studio?hl=zh-cn#command-tools
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cd ~/Android/cmdline-tools/latest
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wget https://dl.google.com/android/repository/commandlinetools-linux-13114758_latest.zip
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unzip ./commandlinetools-linux-13114758_latest.zip
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```
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- 使用官方脚本安装Sdkman包管理器：
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```bash
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curl -s "https://get.sdkman.io" | bash
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source "$HOME/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh"
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```
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- 随后使用Sdkman下载并安装gradle/kotlin：
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```bash
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sdk install gradle
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sdk install kotlin
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```
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- 设置环境变量：
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```bash
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export ANDROID_HOME=$HOME/Android
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export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/emulator
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export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools
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export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/cmdline-tools/latest/bin
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export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/build-tools/34.0.0
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source ~/.bashrc
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```
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- 继续下载一些SDK平台与构建工具：
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```bash
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sdkmanager "platforms;android-34" "build-tools;34.0.0" "platform-tools"
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sdkmanager "emulator" //虚拟机中调试
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```
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- 查看版本
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```bash
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(base) dich@uos:~$ sdk version
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SDKMAN!
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script: 5.20.0
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native: 0.7.14 (linux x86_64)
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(base) dich@uos:~$ gradle -v
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Gradle 8.10.2
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------------------------------------------------------------
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Build time: 2024-09-23 21:28:39 UTC
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Revision: 415adb9e06a516c44b391edff552fd42139443f7
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Kotlin: 1.9.24
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Groovy: 3.0.22
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Ant: Apache Ant(TM) version 1.10.14 compiled on August 16 2023
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Launcher JVM: 17.0.16 (Ubuntu 17.0.16+8-Ubuntu-0ubuntu124.04.1)
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Daemon JVM: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64 (no JDK specified, using current Java home)
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OS: Linux 6.14.0-35-generic amd64
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(base) dich@uos:~/Git/android-templates$ kotlin -version
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Kotlin version 1.6.21-release-334 (JRE 21.0.8+9-Ubuntu-0ubuntu124.04.1)
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(base) dich@uos:~/Git/android-templates/template-compose$ kscript -v
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Copyright : 2022 Holger Brandl
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License : MIT
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Version : v4.0.3
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Website : https://github.com/holgerbrandl/kscript
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A new version (v4.2.0) of kscript is available.
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Kotlin : 2.1.10-release-473
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Java : JRE 17.0.16+8
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```
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## Key方案
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构建Release包需要密钥签名验证，可以使用传统的明文配置或者使用密钥管理器.
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### 相同部分
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- 生成密钥
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```bash
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keytool -genkey -v \
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-keystore ~/.android/jetlagged-release.keystore \
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-alias jetlagged \
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-keyalg RSA \
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-keysize 2048 \
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-validity 10000
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```
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- 修改app/build.gradle.kts
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```bash
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signingConfigs {
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create("release") {
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storeFile = System.getenv("KEYSTORE_FILE")?.let { file(it) }
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storePassword = System.getenv("KEYSTORE_PASSWORD")
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keyAlias = System.getenv("KEY_ALIAS")
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keyPassword = System.getenv("KEY_PASSWORD")
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}
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}
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buildTypes {
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release {
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signingConfig = signingConfigs.getByName("release") // 添加这行
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isMinifyEnabled = true
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proguardFiles(
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getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android-optimize.txt"),
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"proguard-rules.pro"
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)
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}
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}
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```
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### 传统方法
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- 创建配置文件
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```bash
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cat > ~/.android-signing-secrets << 'EOF'
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export KEYSTORE_FILE="$HOME/.android/jetlagged-release.keystore"
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export KEYSTORE_PASSWORD="你的keystore密码"
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export KEY_ALIAS="jetlagged"
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export KEY_PASSWORD="你的key密码"
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EOF
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# 设置权限
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chmod 600 ~/.android-signing-secrets
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# 添加到 gitignore (全局)
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echo ".android-signing-secrets" >> ~/.gitignore_global
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```
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- flake配置
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```bash
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# Auto load Key
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if [ -f "$HOME/.android-signing-secrets" ]; then
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source "$HOME/.android-signing-secrets"
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echo "KeyOK"
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fi
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```
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### 现代方法
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- 安装libsecret包
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- keepassxc新建Android群组，添加条目``android_key_password``和``android_keystore_password``；
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- 设置密码，和上面生成的相同；
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- 在条目的高级-属性中添加``name/android_key_password``和``name/android_keystore_password``；
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- 打开设置-保密服务集成，公开Android文件夹
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- flake中写
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```bash
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# Release Key
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export KEYSTORE_FILE="$HOME/.android/jetlagged-release.keystore"
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export KEY_ALIAS="jetlagged"
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export KEYSTORE_PASSWORD="$(secret-tool lookup name android_keystore_password)"
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export KEY_PASSWORD="$(secret-tool lookup name android_key_password)"
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```
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---
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**Done.**
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