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<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://blog.dich.bid/network-how-email-works-2/">网络艺术:自建域名邮箱</a></h1>
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2024-02-22
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<span class="post-tags-inline">
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:: tags:
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<a class="post-tag" href="https://blog.dich.bid/tags/network/">#Network</a></span>
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<div class="post-content">
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<p>前言 poste.io 邮件服务基于 Docker 搭建，用的是 Haraka + Dovecot + SQLite 邮件系统，占用资源较少，安装简单，适合个人使用。</p>
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<span id="continue-reading"></span><h2 id="vpsshang-de-pei-zhi">VPS上的配置</h2>
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<h3 id="xiu-gai-vps-hostname">修改VPS hostname</h3>
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<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">hostnamectl</span><span> set-hostname mail.your-domain.com
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</span></code></pre>
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<h3 id="xiu-gai-hostswen-jian">修改hosts文件</h3>
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<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">vim</span><span> /etc/hosts
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>添加一行</p>
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<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">127.0.1.1</span><span> localhost.localdomain mail.your-domain.com
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</span></code></pre>
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<h2 id="an-zhuang-poste">安装poste</h2>
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<p>docker compose文件示例：</p>
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<pre data-lang="yaml" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-yaml "><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span style="color:#ffb964;">version</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#556633;">'</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">3.7</span><span style="color:#556633;">'
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</span><span>
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">services</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">mailserver</span><span>:
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">image</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">analogic/poste.io
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">hostname</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">mail.your-domain.com
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ports</span><span>:
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">25:25</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">110:110</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">143:143</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">587:587</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">993:993</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">995:995</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">4190:4190</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">465:465</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">127.0.0.1:8808:80</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">127.0.0.1:8843:443</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">environment</span><span>:
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL=admin@your-domain.com
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">LETSENCRYPT_HOST=mail.your-domain.com
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">VIRTUAL_HOST=mail.your-domain.com
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">DISABLE_CLAMAV=TRUE
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">TZ=Asia/Shanghai
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">HTTPS=OFF
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</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">volumes</span><span>:
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
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</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">./mail-data:/data
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</span></code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>禁用反病毒功能（DISABLE_CLAMAV=TRUE）、禁用反垃圾邮件功能（DISABLE_RSPAMD=TRUE），可以大幅减低内存和CPU占用，请酌情设置禁用选项。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>禁用WEB收发功能（DISABLE_ROUNDCUBE=TRUE），可以进一步减少资源占用，不过非必要不建议禁止。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>8808为http端口，可以根据自己的需求修改。</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="dnspei-zhi">Dns配置</h2>
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<table><thead><tr><th>记录类型</th><th>主机记录</th><th>记录值</th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td>A</td><td>mail</td><td>1.2.3.4 (your ip)</td></tr>
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<tr><td>MX</td><td>your-domain.com</td><td>mail.your-domain.com</td></tr>
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<tr><td>TXT</td><td>your-domain.com</td><td>v=spf1 mx ~all</td></tr>
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<tr><td>TXT</td><td>_s20160910378._domainkey.your-domain.com</td><td>k=rsa;p=MII.........</td></tr>
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<tr><td>TXT</td><td>_dmarc</td><td>v=DMARC1; p=none; pct=100; rua=mailto:mail@your-domain.com</td></tr>
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<tr><td>CNAME</td><td>imap</td><td>mail</td></tr>
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<tr><td>CNAME</td><td>smtp</td><td>mail</td></tr>
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<tr><td>CNAME</td><td>pop</td><td>mail</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<p>最后还需到 VPS 服务商处添加一个反向 DNS，也就是 rDNS 解析，把 IP 解析到 mail.your-domain.com 这个域名，有些 VPS 商家不提供这种服务,所以需要选择好VPS服务商。</p>
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<h2 id="pei-zhi-poste">配置poste</h2>
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<p>通过浏览器访问<code>https://mail.your-domain.com/admin/login</code>进入poste.io的配置页面，按照提示进行配置，然后点击 Generate new key，生成 key，添加到 DNS 解析记录，就是上面最后一条解析<code>_s20160910378._domainkey.your-domain.com</code></p>
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<h2 id="di-san-fang-ke-hu-duan-smtp-imap-pop3-pei-zhi">第三方客户端 SMTP/IMAP/POP3 配置</h2>
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<p>搭建完毕之后我们也可以通过客户端软件连接到我们的邮箱，如thunderbird.</p>
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<table><thead><tr><th>协议</th><th>服务器地址</th><th>端口</th><th>SSL</th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td>SMTP</td><td>mail.your-domain.com, smtp.your-domain.com</td><td>25, 465, 587</td><td>STARTTLS</td></tr>
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<tr><td>IMAP</td><td>mail.your-domain.com, imap.your-domain.com</td><td>993, 143</td><td>STARTTLS</td></tr>
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<tr><td>POP3</td><td>mail.your-domain.com, pop.your-domain.com</td><td>995, 110</td><td>STARTTLS</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<hr />
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<p>Done.</p>
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<span class="pagination__title-h">Thanks for reading! Read other posts?</span>
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<a href="https://blog.dich.bid/network-how-email-works-1/">
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<span class="button__icon">←</span>
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<span class="button__text">网络艺术:电子邮件的工作原理</span>
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<a href="https://blog.dich.bid/about-opensource/">
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<span class="button__text">乱七八糟:开源软件与协议</span>
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Dichgrem</span>
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<span class="copyright-theme-sep"> :: CC BY-SA 4.0 :: A friend comes from distant lands</span>
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