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<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://blog.dich.bid/network-docker/">网络艺术:Docker建站与反向代理</a></h1>
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|
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2024-07-14
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<span class="post-tags-inline">
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:: tags:
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||||
<a class="post-tag" href="https://blog.dich.bid/tags/network/">#Network</a></span>
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<div class="post-content">
|
||||
<p>前言 Docker的出现极大简化了建站流程，较过去的LAMP方式优雅了许多，配合Nginx反向代理可以快速上线HTTPS站点。</p>
|
||||
<span id="continue-reading"></span><h2 id="an-zhuang-docker">安装Docker</h2>
|
||||
<p>这里以Debian12为例：</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>官方安装脚本:</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">curl -fsSL</span><span> https://get.docker.com</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -o</span><span> get-docker.sh
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</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> sh get-docker.sh
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>使用 Docker 存储库安装</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>使用以下命令安装此方法的先决条件：</p>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> apt update && </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> apt install ca-certificates curl gnupg
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<p>创建一个目录来存储密钥环：</p>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> install</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -m</span><span> 0755</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -d</span><span> /etc/apt/keyrings
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<p>使用给定的命令下载 GPG 密钥并将其存储在 <code>/etc/apt/keyrings/etc/apt/keyrings</code> 目录中：</p>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">curl -fsSL</span><span> https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> gpg</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> --dearmor -o</span><span> /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<p>使用 chmod 命令更改 docker.gpg 文件的权限：</p>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<p>使用以下命令为 Docker 设置存储库：</p>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span>echo \
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">deb [arch=</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span>$(</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">dpkg --print-architecture</span><span>)</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;"> signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;"> </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span>$(. /etc/os-release && echo </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">$</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">VERSION_CODENAME</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span>)</span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;"> stable</span><span style="color:#556633;">" </span><span>| \
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<p>现在可以使用以下命令更新存储库索引并安装 Docker：</p>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> apt update && </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<h2 id="chang-yong-ming-ling">常用命令</h2>
|
||||
<h3 id="ji-chu-ming-ling">基础命令</h3>
|
||||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker version</code></td><td>查看 Docker 版本信息</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker info</code></td><td>查看 Docker 系统信息，包括镜像和容器数量</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker help</code></td><td>查看帮助信息</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker <command> --help</code></td><td>查看某个命令的详细帮助</td></tr>
|
||||
</tbody></table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h3 id="jing-xiang-xiang-guan-ming-ling-images">镜像相关命令（Images）</h3>
|
||||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker images</code></td><td>列出本地所有镜像</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker search nginx</code></td><td>从 Docker Hub 搜索镜像</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker pull nginx:latest</code></td><td>拉取镜像</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker rmi nginx:latest</code></td><td>删除镜像</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker rmi $(docker images -q)</code></td><td>删除所有镜像</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker inspect nginx</code></td><td>查看镜像详细信息</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker tag nginx myrepo/nginx:v1</code></td><td>给镜像打标签</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker save -o nginx.tar nginx</code></td><td>导出镜像为 tar 包</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker load -i nginx.tar</code></td><td>从 tar 文件加载镜像</td></tr>
|
||||
</tbody></table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h3 id="rong-qi-guan-li-ming-ling-containers">容器管理命令（Containers）</h3>
|
||||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker ps</code></td><td>查看正在运行的容器</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker ps -a</code></td><td>查看所有容器（包括已停止）</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker run -d -p 80:80 --name web nginx</code></td><td>启动容器（后台运行）</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash</code></td><td>启动交互式容器</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker exec -it web bash</code></td><td>进入正在运行的容器</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker logs -f web</code></td><td>查看容器日志（<code>-f</code> 实时输出）</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker stop web</code></td><td>停止容器</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker start web</code></td><td>启动容器</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker restart web</code></td><td>重启容器</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker rm web</code></td><td>删除容器</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker rm $(docker ps -aq)</code></td><td>删除所有容器</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker inspect web</code></td><td>查看容器详细信息</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker stats</code></td><td>查看容器资源使用情况</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker top web</code></td><td>查看容器内运行的进程</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker cp web:/path/in/container ./localdir</code></td><td>从容器复制文件到主机</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker cp ./file web:/path/in/container</code></td><td>从主机复制文件到容器</td></tr>
|
||||
</tbody></table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h3 id="wang-luo-xiang-guan-ming-ling-networks">网络相关命令（Networks）</h3>
|
||||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker network ls</code></td><td>列出所有网络</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker network inspect bridge</code></td><td>查看网络详情</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker network create mynet</code></td><td>创建自定义网络</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker network connect mynet web</code></td><td>将容器连接到网络</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker network disconnect mynet web</code></td><td>将容器从网络断开</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker network rm mynet</code></td><td>删除网络</td></tr>
|
||||
</tbody></table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h3 id="shu-ju-juan-volumes">数据卷（Volumes）</h3>
|
||||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker volume ls</code></td><td>查看所有卷</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker volume create mydata</code></td><td>创建数据卷</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker volume inspect mydata</code></td><td>查看卷详情</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker volume rm mydata</code></td><td>删除数据卷</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker run -v mydata:/data nginx</code></td><td>启动容器并挂载卷</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker run -v $(pwd):/app nginx</code></td><td>挂载主机目录到容器中</td></tr>
|
||||
</tbody></table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h3 id="gou-jian-yu-dao-chu-jing-xiang-build-export">构建与导出镜像（Build & Export）</h3>
|
||||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker build -t myapp:latest .</code></td><td>构建镜像</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker commit web myimage:v1</code></td><td>将容器保存为镜像</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker save -o myimage.tar myimage:v1</code></td><td>导出镜像文件</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker load -i myimage.tar</code></td><td>导入镜像文件</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker export web > web.tar</code></td><td>导出容器文件系统</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker import web.tar myweb:v1</code></td><td>从 tar 文件导入镜像</td></tr>
|
||||
</tbody></table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h3 id="xi-tong-qing-li-yu-wei-hu">系统清理与维护</h3>
|
||||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker system df</code></td><td>显示磁盘使用情况</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker system prune</code></td><td>清理无用的容器、镜像、卷和网络</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker image prune</code></td><td>清理未使用的镜像</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker container prune</code></td><td>清理已停止的容器</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker volume prune</code></td><td>清理无用卷</td></tr>
|
||||
</tbody></table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h3 id="docker-compose-duo-rong-qi-guan-li">Docker Compose（多容器管理）</h3>
|
||||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker compose up -d</code></td><td>启动服务（后台）</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker compose down</code></td><td>停止并删除容器</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker compose ps</code></td><td>查看当前项目容器</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker compose logs -f</code></td><td>查看日志</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker compose build</code></td><td>重新构建服务镜像</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td><code>docker compose restart</code></td><td>重启服务</td></tr>
|
||||
</tbody></table>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h3 id="xie-zai-docker">卸载 Docker</h3>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p>删除所有 Docker 容器和 Docker 本身</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>首先停止所有正在运行的容器：</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">docker</span><span> stop $(</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">docker</span><span> ps</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -aq</span><span>)
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="2">
|
||||
<li>删除所有容器</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p>删除所有容器（包括停止的容器）：</p>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">docker</span><span> rm $(</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">docker</span><span> ps</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -aq</span><span>)
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="3">
|
||||
<li>删除所有镜像</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">docker</span><span> rmi $(</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">docker</span><span> images</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -q</span><span>)
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="4">
|
||||
<li>删除所有网络</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">docker</span><span> network prune</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -f
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="5">
|
||||
<li>删除所有未使用的卷</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">docker</span><span> volume prune</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -f
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="6">
|
||||
<li>卸载 Docker</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p>如果您希望完全删除 Docker 本身，可以执行以下命令:</p>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> apt-get purge docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> apt-get autoremove</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> --purge
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> rm</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -rf</span><span> /var/lib/docker
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> rm</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -rf</span><span> /etc/docker
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<p>这些命令会卸载 Docker 软件并删除 Docker 数据目录。</p>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<h2 id="shi-yong-docker-compose">使用Docker-Compose</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>目标：创建一个<code>Searxng服务</code>并对外开放。</li>
|
||||
<li>方法：创建两个 docker-compose 文件，并<code>使用同一个外部 Docker 网络</code>使两个服务互联。</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<ol start="0">
|
||||
<li>首先<code>创建好工作目录</code>,例如：</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span>.
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">└──</span><span> docker
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">├──</span><span> docker-compose.nginx.yml
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">├──</span><span> docker-compose.searxng.yml
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">└──</span><span> nginx
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">├──</span><span> certs
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">│</span><span> ├── fullchain.pem
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">│</span><span> └── privkey.pem
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">└──</span><span> searxng.conf
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>在启动服务前，首先创建一个 Docker 外部网络（例如命名为 nginx）：</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">docker</span><span> network create nginx
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<p>这样，无论是哪个 docker-compose 项目中的容器，只要加入此网络，就能直接通信。</p>
|
||||
<ol start="2">
|
||||
<li>编写 searxng 的 docker-compose 文件</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="yaml" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-yaml "><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span style="color:#ffb964;">version</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#556633;">'</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">3</span><span style="color:#556633;">'
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">services</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">searxng</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">image</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">searxng/searxng
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">container_name</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">searxng
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">restart</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">unless-stopped
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ulimits</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">nproc</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">65535
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">nofile</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">soft</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">65535
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">hard</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">65535
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">volumes</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">/var/lib/docker/volumes/searxng/_data:/etc/searxng
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">networks</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">nginx
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ports</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#888888;"># 如果希望 searxng 只对内部服务开放，则可不映射外部端口
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">127.0.0.1:18080:8080</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">networks</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">nginx</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">external</span><span>: true
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="3">
|
||||
<li>编写 Nginx 的 docker-compose 文件</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p>创建 nginx 的 docker-compose 文件，例如：</p>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="yaml" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-yaml "><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span style="color:#ffb964;">version</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#556633;">'</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">3</span><span style="color:#556633;">'
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">services</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">nginx</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">image</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">nginx:latest
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">container_name</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">nginx
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">restart</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">unless-stopped
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ports</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">80:80</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#888888;"># 如需要 HTTPS，请映射 443 端口并挂载证书目录
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#888888;">#- "443:443"
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">volumes</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">./nginx/searxng.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:ro
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#888888;">#- ./nginx/certs:/etc/nginx/certs:ro
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">networks</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">nginx
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">networks</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">nginx</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">external</span><span>: true
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="4">
|
||||
<li>编写 Nginx 配置文件</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="conf" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-conf "><code class="language-conf" data-lang="conf"><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">server </span><span>{
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">listen </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">80</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">server_name </span><span>searxng.dich.bid;
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">client_max_body_size </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">10M</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span> location / {
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#7697d6;">http://searxng:8080</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_set_header </span><span>Host </span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">$host</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_set_header </span><span>X-Real-IP </span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">$remote_addr</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_set_header </span><span>X-Forwarded-For </span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_set_header </span><span>X-Forwarded-Proto </span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">$scheme</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_http_version </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">1</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">1</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_set_header </span><span>Connection </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">""</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> }
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">error_page </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">502 </span><span>/</span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">502</span><span>.html;
|
||||
</span><span> location = /</span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">502</span><span>.html {
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">root </span><span>/usr/share/nginx/html;
|
||||
</span><span> internal;
|
||||
</span><span> }
|
||||
</span><span>}
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="5">
|
||||
<li>启动服务</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>启动 searxng 服务：</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">docker-compose -f</span><span> docker-compose.searxng.yml up</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -d
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>启动 nginx 服务：</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">docker-compose -f</span><span> docker-compose.nginx.yml up</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -d
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<p>由于两者都加入了外部网络 nginx，nginx 内的<code>proxy_pass http://searxng:8080</code>就能解析到 searxng 容器，实现反向代理效果。现在，访问<code>http://ip:18080</code>就可以访问Searxng搜索引擎。</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="tian-jia-https">添加HTTPS</h2>
|
||||
<p>在实际生产环境中我们不能使用IP直接访问，因此需要为我们的站点开启SSL证书，也就是要申请证书并在配置文件中声明。</p>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>证书生成</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>如果只是用于测试可以生成自签名证书：</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">mkdir -p</span><span> /home/dich/docker/nginx/certs
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">openssl</span><span> req</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -x509 -nodes -days</span><span> 365</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -newkey</span><span> rsa:2048 \
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -keyout</span><span> /home/dich/docker/nginx/certs/privkey.pem \
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -out</span><span> /home/dich/docker/nginx/certs/fullchain.pem \
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -subj </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">/CN=your-domain.com</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="2">
|
||||
<li>更改searxng.conf:</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="conf" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-conf "><code class="language-conf" data-lang="conf"><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">server </span><span>{
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">listen </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">443</span><span> ssl;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">server_name </span><span>searxng.dich.bid;
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#888888;"># SSL 证书配置
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ssl_certificate </span><span>/home/dich/docker/nginx/certs/fullchain.pem;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ssl_certificate_key </span><span>/home/dich/docker/nginx/certs/privkey.pem;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ssl_protocols </span><span>TLSv1.</span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">2</span><span> TLSv1.</span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">3</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ssl_ciphers </span><span>HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">client_max_body_size </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">10M</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span> location / {
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_pass </span><span style="color:#7697d6;">http://searxng:8080</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_set_header </span><span>Host </span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">$host</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_set_header </span><span>X-Real-IP </span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">$remote_addr</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_set_header </span><span>X-Forwarded-For </span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_set_header </span><span>X-Forwarded-Proto </span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">$scheme</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_http_version </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">1</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">1</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">proxy_set_header </span><span>Connection </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">""</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> }
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">error_page </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">502 </span><span>/</span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">502</span><span>.html;
|
||||
</span><span> location = /</span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">502</span><span>.html {
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">root </span><span>/usr/share/nginx/html;
|
||||
</span><span> internal;
|
||||
</span><span> }
|
||||
</span><span>}
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#888888;"># HTTP 服务器块，将所有流量重定向到 HTTPS
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#8fbfdc;">server </span><span>{
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">listen </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">80</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">server_name </span><span>searxng.dich.bid;
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">return </span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">301 </span><span style="color:#7697d6;">https://$host$request_uri</span><span>;
|
||||
</span><span>}
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="3">
|
||||
<li>更改docker-compose.nginx.yml</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="yaml" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-yaml "><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span style="color:#ffb964;">version</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#556633;">'</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">3</span><span style="color:#556633;">'
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">services</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">nginx</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">image</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">nginx:latest
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">container_name</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">nginx
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">restart</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">unless-stopped
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ports</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">80:80</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#888888;"># 如需要 HTTPS，请映射 443 端口并挂载证书目录
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">443:443</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">volumes</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">./nginx/searxng.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:ro
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">./nginx/certs:/home/dich/docker/nginx/certs
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">networks</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">nginx
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">networks</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">nginx</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">external</span><span>: true
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="4">
|
||||
<li>启动新配置</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>重启容器</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> docker compose</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -f</span><span> docker-compose.nginx.yml up</span><span style="color:#ffb964;"> -d
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>查看日志</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">sudo</span><span> docker logs searxng
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<h2 id="caddy">Caddy</h2>
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<p>Caddy 自 2015 年起用 Go 语言重写，定位为“开箱即用”的现代 Web 服务器，内置自动 Let’s Encrypt 证书管理和续期，默认支持 HTTP/2 及 HTTP/3（QUIC），并通过简洁明了的 Caddyfile 语法极大降低配置成本.</p>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
<ol start="0">
|
||||
<li>示例结构：</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span>.
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">└──</span><span> compose
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">├──</span><span> certs
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">│</span><span> ├── cert.pem
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">│</span><span> └── key.pem
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">├──</span><span> compose.caddy.yml
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">├──</span><span> compose.miniflux.yml
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">├──</span><span> compose.searxng.yml
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">└──</span><span> conf
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">└──</span><span> Caddyfile
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>同样创建名为Caddy的docker网络：</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#ffb964;">docker</span><span> network create caddy
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="2">
|
||||
<li>编写Caddy的compose，可以看到caddy可以自带签发证书：</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="yaml" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-yaml "><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span style="color:#ffb964;">version</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#556633;">'</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">3.7</span><span style="color:#556633;">'
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#888888;"># 自动签发模式
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">services</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">caddy</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">image</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">caddy:latest
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">container_name</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">caddy
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">restart</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">unless-stopped
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">volumes</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">./conf:/etc/caddy:ro
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">caddy_data:/data
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">caddy_config:/config
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ports</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">80:80</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">443:443</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">networks</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">caddy
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">networks</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">caddy</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">external</span><span>: true
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">volumes</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">caddy_data</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">caddy_config</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#888888;"># 自备证书模式
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">services</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">caddy</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">image</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">caddy:latest
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">container_name</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">caddy
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">restart</span><span>: </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">unless-stopped
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">environment</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">CADDYPATH=/etc/caddycerts
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">volumes</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">./conf:/etc/caddy
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">./certs:/etc/caddycerts
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">caddy_data:/data
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">caddy_config:/config
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">ports</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">80:80</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#556633;">"</span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">443:443</span><span style="color:#556633;">"
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">networks</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> - </span><span style="color:#99ad6a;">caddy
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">volumes</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">caddy_data</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">caddy_config</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">networks</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">caddy</span><span>:
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">external</span><span>: true
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="3">
|
||||
<li>编写Caddyfile，可以看到自动开启HTTPS模式：</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<pre data-lang="conf" style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;" class="language-conf "><code class="language-conf" data-lang="conf"><span style="color:#888888;"># 自动签发模式
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">searxng</span><span>.dich.bid {
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">reverse_proxy </span><span>searxng:</span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">8080</span><span> {
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">header_up </span><span>Host {upstream_hostport}
|
||||
</span><span> }
|
||||
</span><span>}
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">miniflux</span><span>.dich.bid {
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">reverse_proxy </span><span>miniflux:</span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">8080</span><span> {
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">header_up </span><span>Host {upstream_hostport}
|
||||
</span><span> }
|
||||
</span><span>}
|
||||
</span><span>
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#888888;"># 自备证书模式
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">searxng</span><span>.dich.bid {
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">reverse_proxy </span><span>searxng:</span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">8080
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">tls </span><span>/etc/caddycerts/cert.pem /etc/caddycerts/key.pem
|
||||
</span><span>}
|
||||
</span><span style="color:#ffb964;">miniflux</span><span>.dich.bid {
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">reverse_proxy </span><span>miniflux:</span><span style="color:#cf6a4c;">8080
|
||||
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#ffb964;">tls </span><span>/etc/caddycerts/cert.pem /etc/caddycerts/key.pem
|
||||
</span><span>}
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
<ol start="4">
|
||||
<li>Docker compose的用法不再赘述。</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p><strong>FAQ</strong></p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>使用nginx的docker版本而非apt安装的版本；</li>
|
||||
<li>注意相对路径和绝对路径，不同容器可能冲突；</li>
|
||||
<li>使用网络创建的方法简化了配置；</li>
|
||||
<li>使用127.0.0.1:port的配置增加了安全性，无法ip访问；</li>
|
||||
<li>conf中的服务端口是compose中的port：port的后一个；</li>
|
||||
<li>更改配置后需要删除现有的容器再生成；</li>
|
||||
<li>version字段可以不需要；</li>
|
||||
<li>注意加上container_name；</li>
|
||||
<li>每增加一个服务需要在nginx中更新volume；</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<p><strong>Done.</strong></p>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="pagination">
|
||||
<div class="pagination__title">
|
||||
<span class="pagination__title-h">Thanks for reading! Read other posts?</span>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="pagination__buttons">
|
||||
<span class="button previous">
|
||||
<a href="https://blog.dich.bid/about-server-set/">
|
||||
<span class="button__icon">←</span>
|
||||
<span class="button__text">乱七八糟:服务器初始化与安全设置</span>
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="button next">
|
||||
<a href="https://blog.dich.bid/about-virtual/">
|
||||
<span class="button__text">乱七八糟:虚拟化常用设置与操作</span>
|
||||
<span class="button__icon">→</span>
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<footer class="footer">
|
||||
<div class="footer__inner">
|
||||
<div class="copyright">
|
||||
<span>©
|
||||
2025
|
||||
Dichgrem</span>
|
||||
<span class="copyright-theme">
|
||||
<span class="copyright-theme-sep"> :: CC BY-SA 4.0 :: A friend comes from distant lands</span>
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</footer>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user