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update:stm32
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dichgrem
@@ -6,86 +6,123 @@ date = 2025-07-20
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tags = ["Linux"]
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+++
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前言 本文记录STM32命令行开发环境在Linux上的部署，用以替代Windows上的RT-Thread-studio。RT-Thread-studio同样是开源
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软件，但目前没有Nixos上的打包。
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前言 本文以星火一号开发板为例记录STM32命令行开发环境在Linux上的部署，用以替代Windows上的RT-Thread-studio。RT-Thread开源，但RT-Thread-studio不是开源
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软件。
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<!-- more -->
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## 依赖包
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# Windows方案
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- **Ubuntu**
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> 该方案使用``scons+gcc-arm-none-eabi+openocd``,可以和Vscode等等配合使用.
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## 拉取源码
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```bash
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https://github.com/Dichgrem/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark-template.git
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```
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## 安装依赖
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- 安装 Scons 构建工具
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```
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pip install scons
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```
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- 安装 gcc-arm-none-eabi 工具链
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在[官网](https://developer.arm.com/downloads/-/gnu-rm) 下载``gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.10-win32.exe``,安装后使用以下命令设置环境变量
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```powershell
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$env:RTT_EXEC_PATH="C:\Program Files (x86)\GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain\10 2021.10\bin"
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```
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```powershell
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$path = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "Machine")
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[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable(
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"Path",
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"$path;C:\Program Files (x86)\GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain\10 2021.10\bin",
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"Machine"
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)
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```
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- 安装 openocd 调试/烧录工具
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```bash
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scoop install openocd
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openocd --version
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```
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- 安装串口调试工具（可选，也可以用其他串口工具）
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```bash
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pip install pyserial
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```
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## 编译固件
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进入项目目录并在``projects``下使用scons编译固件,编译结果为``rt-thread.bin``和``rt-thread-elf``
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```bash
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sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark
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❯ cd ./projects/03_driver_als_ps
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sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark/projects/03_driver_als_ps studyvia C v14.3.0-gcc via ❄️ impure (nix-shell-env)
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❯ scons
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scons: Reading SConscript files ...
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scons: done reading SConscript files.
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scons: Building targets ...
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scons: building associated VariantDir targets: build
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......
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CC build/kernel/components/drivers/i2c/i2c-bit-ops.o
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LINK rt-thread.elf
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arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary rt-thread.elf rtthread.bin
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arm-none-eabi-size rt-thread.elf
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text data bss dec hex filename
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87128 964 4252 92344 168b8 rt-thread.elf
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scons: done building targets.
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```
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## 烧入测试
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使用``openocd``指定开发板对应的cfg并烧入，起始地址为``0x08000000``
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```bash
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openocd -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/stm32f4x.cfg
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openocd -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/stm32f4x.cfg -c "program rtthread.bin 0x08000000 verify reset exit"
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```
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## 串口连接
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烧入完成后我们可以使用``pyserial``的这个命令连接到串口，退出使用``Ctrl+]``退出
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```bash
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python -m serial.tools.miniterm COM3 115200
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```
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> 注意Windows上和开发板连接的串口可能是COM3,COM4等等，需要和实际的相符，可以在设备管理器中查看.
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# Ubuntu 方案
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## 拉取源码
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```bash
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https://github.com/Dichgrem/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark-template.git
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```
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## 安装依赖
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以ubuntu24.04为例，首先安装这些包，包括连接工具，工具链和调试器等等。
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```bash
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install -y git python3 scons openocd stlink-tools gcc-arm-none-eabi gdb-multiarch
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```
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- **Nixos**
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虽然Nixos上没有RT-Thread-studio这个包，但是可以用flake.nix很方便的搭建一个开发环境：
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```nix
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{
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description = "STM32 && RT-Thread development environment";
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inputs.nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable";
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outputs = { self, nixpkgs }:
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let
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supportedSystems = [ "x86_64-linux" "aarch64-linux" ];
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forEachSupportedSystem = f: nixpkgs.lib.genAttrs supportedSystems (system: f {
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pkgs = import nixpkgs { inherit self system; };
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});
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in
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{
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devShells = forEachSupportedSystem ({ pkgs }: {
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default = pkgs.mkShell {
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packages = with pkgs; [
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python312
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scons
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openocd
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stlink
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stlink-tool
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gcc-arm-embedded
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picocom
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renode-bin
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];
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};
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});
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};
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}
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```
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## 源码
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随后使用Git拉取项目源码：
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## 编译固件
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/RT-Thread-Studio/sdk-bsp-stm32f407-spark.git
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scons -j$(nproc)
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```
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## ENV工具
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使用Git拉取RT-Thread配套的linux开发环境，并添加Shell变量。
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```bash
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# 克隆仓库
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git clone https://github.com/RT-Thread/env.git ~/env
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# 将 ~/env 添加到 PATH
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export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/env"
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# 显示 PATH
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echo "$PATH"
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# 查看 pkgs 命令是否存在
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type pkgs
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```
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随后可以使用PKG初始化并安装两个必要的包：
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```bash
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pkgs --update
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pip install kconfiglib
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pip install scons
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```
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## 连接
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## 测试连接
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使用USB线连接开发板和开发PC，并使用lsusb命令查看是否出现：
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```bash
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@@ -106,58 +143,9 @@ Found 1 stlink programmers
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dev-type: STM32F4x5_F4x7
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```
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> 如果你和我一样将Ubuntu安装在QEMU虚拟机中 ，需要在libvirt中使用Add_hardware添加usb设备。
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> 如果你将Ubuntu安装在QEMU等虚拟机中 ，需要在libvirt中使用Add_hardware添加usb设备。
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## 修改交叉工具链
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链接成功后进入项目目录，发现``rtconfig.py``没有Linux路径，需要我们手动修改交叉工具链部分：
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```python
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#修改 rtconfig.py
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# cross_tool provides the cross compiler
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# EXEC_PATH is the compiler execute path, for example, CodeSourcery, Keil MDK, IAR
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import os
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if CROSS_TOOL == 'gcc':
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PLATFORM = 'gcc'
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if os.name == 'nt':
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# Windows 平台
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EXEC_PATH = r'C:\Users\XXYYZZ'
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else:
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# 修改这里
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# Linux / macOS 平台
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EXEC_PATH = '/usr/bin'
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elif CROSS_TOOL == 'keil':
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PLATFORM = 'armclang' # KEIL AC6
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# PLATFORM = 'armcc' # KEIL AC5
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EXEC_PATH = r'C:/Keil_v5'
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elif CROSS_TOOL == 'iar':
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PLATFORM = 'iccarm'
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EXEC_PATH = r'C:/Program Files (x86)/IAR Systems/Embedded Workbench 8.3'
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elif CROSS_TOOL == 'llvm-arm':
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PLATFORM = 'llvm-arm'
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if os.name == 'nt':
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EXEC_PATH = r'D:\Progrem\LLVMEmbeddedToolchainForArm-17.0.1-Windows-x86_64\bin'
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else:
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EXEC_PATH = '/usr/bin'
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```
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## 编译
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在完成以上设置之后我们可以开始编译。STM32使用scons编译系统，同样是menuconfig命令：
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```bash
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scons --menuconfig
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```
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修改配置并保存退出后即可开始编译，$(nproc)代表使用全部CPU线程来编译：
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```bash
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scons -j$(nproc)
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```
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## 烧入
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## 烧入测试
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编译成功后你应该会看到有一个rtthread.bin在目录下，这就是我们编译出来的系统！
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@@ -171,7 +159,7 @@ st-flash read firmware_backup.bin 0x08000000 0x100001
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st-flash write rtthread.bin 0x08000000
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```
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## 串口
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## 串口连接
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除了USB之外我们还可以使用串口连接：
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```bash
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@@ -180,7 +168,12 @@ picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyACM0
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```
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可以使用``ctrl + A 然后 ctrl + x``退出。
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## 使用Cmake
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---
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# 其他Tips
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- 使用Cmake编译
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通过官方文档可以得知除了scons外还可以使用Cmake来编译.
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@@ -255,7 +248,42 @@ This warning is for project developers. Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.
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[100%] Built target rtthread.elf
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```
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## 使用Renode
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- Nixos
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虽然Nixos上没有RT-Thread-studio这个包，但是可以用flake.nix很方便的搭建一个开发环境：
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```nix
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{
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description = "STM32 && RT-Thread development environment";
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inputs.nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable";
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outputs = { self, nixpkgs }:
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let
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supportedSystems = [ "x86_64-linux" "aarch64-linux" ];
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forEachSupportedSystem = f: nixpkgs.lib.genAttrs supportedSystems (system: f {
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pkgs = import nixpkgs { inherit self system; };
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});
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in
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{
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devShells = forEachSupportedSystem ({ pkgs }: {
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default = pkgs.mkShell {
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packages = with pkgs; [
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python312
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scons
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openocd
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stlink
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stlink-tool
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gcc-arm-embedded
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picocom
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renode-bin
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];
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};
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});
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};
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}
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```
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- 使用Renode
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如果没有真实的开发版，可以使用Renode来进行仿真模拟：
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@@ -344,4 +372,4 @@ arm-none-eabi-gdb firmware.elf
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```
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---
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**Done.**
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**Done.**
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Reference in New Issue
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