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<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://blog.dich.bid/awesome-openwrt/">综合工程:OpenWrt路由部署与软件编译</a></h1>
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2023-08-12
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<span class="post-tags-inline">
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:: tags:
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<a class="post-tag" href="https://blog.dich.bid/tags/zong-he-gong-cheng/">#综合工程</a></span>
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<div class="post-content">
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<p>前言 openwrt 是一个自由的、兼容性好的嵌入式 linux 发行版。作为软路由玩家必备的一款神器，可以实现诸如去广告，多拨和科学上网等多种功能。本文以 openwrt 在X86平台的安装为例，介绍其部署流程。</p>
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<span id="continue-reading"></span><h2 id="xuan-ze-he-gua-de-she-bei">选择合适的设备</h2>
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<p>无论是传统的无线路由器还是小主机都有成为openwrt路由的潜力。截止到今天，已经有20多个品牌（小米，华硕，锐捷，华三等）30多种架构（x86,ipq,bcm,mtd等）支持刷入openwrt；你可以在这个<a href="https://mao.fan/select">网站</a>找到符合你预算和其他要求的，能刷机的路由器。</p>
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<h2 id="zai-x86xiao-zhu-ji-shang-mian-an-zhuang-openwrt">在X86小主机上面安装OpenWrt</h2>
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<p>无论是作为主路由或是旁路由，传统路由器由于主频低，内存小，并不适合作为软路由；而 NAS-软路由一体式 又有 all in boom 的风险，因此推荐X86平台作为物理机。当然，也可以采用 armbian 平台或是开发板，例如网心云老母鸡、树莓派等设备。截至本文撰写时间，二手平台上的价格不太利好：一台J1900平台的售价往往在200左右，而专门的多网口工控机价格在200到1000不等，树莓派更是成为了理财产品，需要慎重选择。</p>
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<h3 id="zhun-bei-yi-xia-gong-ju">准备以下工具：</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>openwrt 的编译包，由 eSir 大佬编译的三个经典版本：
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https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1uRXg_krKHPrQneI3F2GNcSVRoCgkqESr</li>
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<li>PE 启动盘，这里推荐微PE：https://www.wepe.com.cn/download.html</li>
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<li>img 写盘工具：https://www.roadkil.net/program.php?ProgramID=12#google_vignette</li>
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<li>一个U盘与一台双网口物理机</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="an-zhuang-liu-cheng">安装流程：</h3>
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<p>1.进入PE环境：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>打开微PE，将其安装进U盘中，安装完成后将 img 工具和 openwrt 包一起放进去；</li>
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<li>将U盘插入目标主机，进入 BIOS-boot 设置U盘优先启动，各主板进入 BIOS 的按键不同，不确定的话建议都试一遍。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>2.格式化硬盘并写盘</p>
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<ul>
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<li>进入PE环境中，可以看到存在名为“分区助手”的软件，打开它并将目标主机硬盘格式化；注意不要分区！不要分区！不要设置文件系统！否则后续可能无法编译！点击左上角提交并执行</li>
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<li>打开img写盘工具，将openwrt包写入硬盘，注意不要写进U盘里。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>3.进入配置界面</p>
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<ul>
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<li>重启系统并快速拔出U盘，避免重新进入PE；这时系统开始运行了。注意Esir固件是不跑码的，无需担心。</li>
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<li>当看到 <code>please press Enter to activate this console</code>这个提示的时候系统就安装完毕了。可使用 passwd 命令设置密码。软路由将自动获取IP地址，随后我们在浏览器中打开该地址，即可看到 Lucl 界面。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="zai-armjia-gou-de-ying-lu-you-shang-mian-an-zhuang-openwrt">在arm架构的硬路由上面安装OpenWrt</h2>
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<p>相比X86平台，arm架构的设备兼容性不高，不能随便找一个包就能安装。以下是一般步骤：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>首先得知道你的设备的CPU，比如ipq40XX系列，然后在对应的<a href="https://archive.openwrt.org/releases/23.05.4/targets/">仓库</a>查看并下载包体。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>当然也可以在<a href="https://firmware-selector.openwrt.org/">这里</a>直接下载相关型号对应的固件，其中 Sysupgrade 映像是用来更新现有运行 OpenWrt 的设备，使用 Factory 映像在首次刷机时刷入。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>随后开启Telnet或者SSH或者TTL串口连接到路由器，将对应的Uboot刷入，如果没有适配的包就无法刷openwrt。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>通过Uboot的网络界面刷入Factory包，随后就可以在后台（如192.168.1.1）进入openwrt的管理界面。</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="zai-ubuntushang-bian-yi-openwrtde-ipkbao">在ubuntu上编译openwrt的ipk包</h2>
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<p>这里以ubuntu环境为例，我们假设你有一台虚拟机或者WSL。</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p><code>注意编译不能使用Root用户！</code></p>
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</blockquote>
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<p><strong>随后安装编译依赖的各个包：</strong></p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>sudo apt install python3-distutils-extra git gawk libncurses-dev build-essential binutils bzip2 diff find flex gawk gcc-6+ getopt grep install libc-dev libz-dev make4.1+ perl python3.7+ rsync subversion unzip which
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</span><span>
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</span><span>sudo apt install -y build-essential python3-dev python3-setuptools swig \
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</span><span> libmesa-dev libwayland-dev libgraphene-dev \
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</span><span> gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib \
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</span><span> libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev zlib1g-dev \
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</span><span> libssl-dev flex bison gperf libxml-parser-perl \
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</span><span> python-is-python3 python3-pip gettext
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</span><span>
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</span><span>sudo apt install -y swig
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</span><span>sudo apt install -y mesa-common-dev libwayland-dev libgraphene-1.0-dev
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>随后下载我们<strong>刷入openwrt的对应的SDK包</strong>，如</p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>git clone https://github.com/immortalwrt/immortalwrt.git
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</span></code></pre>
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<p><strong>下载和安装仓库信息</strong></p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>./scripts/feeds update -a
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</span><span>./scripts/feeds install -a
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</span></code></pre>
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<p><strong>下载并选中我们需要编译的包,这里以inyn为例：</strong></p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>git clone https://github.com/diredocks/openwrt-inyn.git ./package/inyn
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</span><span>make menuconfig
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>在 <code>menuconfig</code> 的命令行界面中，选中 <code>Network -> inyn</code> 将其首部调整为 <code><M></code> 表示按需编译，最后选中 <code>Save -> OK -> Exit</code> 保存配置信息，然后 <code>Exit</code> 退出配置。</p>
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<p><strong>编译 inyn 软件包</strong></p>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span>make package/inyn/compile V=s
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</span><span>## 如果不行则需要先编译工具链，即为 make j=4 ，j为CPU核数
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</span></code></pre>
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<h2 id="chang-yong-ming-ling">常用命令:</h2>
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<pre style="background-color:#151515;color:#e8e8d3;"><code><span># 更新软件列表
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</span><span>opkg update
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</span><span>
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</span><span># 更新所有 LUCI 插件
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</span><span>opkg list-upgradable | grep luci- | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | xargs opkg upgrade
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</span><span>
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</span><span># 如果要更新所有软件，包括 OpenWRT 内核、固件等
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</span><span>opkg list-upgradable | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | xargs opkg upgrade
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</span></code></pre>
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<blockquote>
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<p>新版本的openwrt（24.10）已经改用APK包管理器。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2 id="can-kao">参考</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://openwrt.org/zh/docs/start">Openwrt wiki</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://openwrt.ai/?target=ipq807x%2Fgeneric&id=xiaomi_ax3600">OpenWrt在线定制编译</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/tfel-ypoc/p/17226064.html">openwrt luci 页面无法访问 问题排查</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://post.smzdm.com/p/axz6369w/">超详细，多图，简单，OpenWRT 设置，IPV6配置</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44548582/article/details/121064734">保姆级-光猫改桥接-路由拨号-openwrt端口转发</a></li>
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</ul>
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